Primary prevention
Primary and secondary prevention measures for central sleep apnoea (CSA) syndromes are limited and mainly focused on the treatment of any underlying conditions.
CSA due to high altitude: intake of acetazolamide has shown to counteract the occurrence of periodic breathing at altitude in males as well as in females by modifying the apnoeic threshold and improving oxygenation.[33]
CSA with Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB): optimisation of guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure in CSB is considered the main preventive strategy in those heart failure patients with preserved as well as reduced ejection fraction.[22]
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