Although there is no reliable strategy to prevent the occurrence of intra-abdominal adhesions (the most common cause of SBO) after abdominal surgery, best surgical practice may minimise their formation.[8]Brüggmann D, Tchartchian G, Wallwiener M, et al. Intra-abdominal adhesions: definition, origin, significance in surgical practice, and treatment options. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010 Nov;107(44):769-75.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992017
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21116396?tool=bestpractice.com
There are also a variety of agents designed to limit the extent of adhesion formation,[9]Kumar S, Wong PF, Leaper DJ. Intra-peritoneal prophylactic agents for preventing adhesions and adhesive intestinal obstruction after non-gynaecological abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD005080.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005080.pub2/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160246?tool=bestpractice.com
although their efficacy is controversial. For example, the use of gels and hydroflotation agents during gynaecological surgery appears to be effective at preventing adhesion, but there is no evidence that these interventions improve fertility outcomes or pelvic pain.[10]Ahmad G, Thompson M, Kim K, et al. Fluid and pharmacological agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 17;(7):CD001298.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001298.pub5/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32683695?tool=bestpractice.com
The Royal College of Surgeons of England advises against the routine use of anti-adhesion products after surgery for adhesional obstruction.[4]Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons of England. Commissioning guide: emergency general surgery (acute abdominal pain). April 2014 [internet publication].
https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/library-and-publications/rcs-publications/docs/emergency-general-guide
[11]Maung AA, Johnson DC, Piper GL, et al; Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Evaluation and management of small-bowel obstruction: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Nov;73(5 suppl 4):S362-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23114494?tool=bestpractice.com
The diagnosis and correction of malrotation can significantly prevent the development of SBO due to intestinal volvulus.[12]Petrovic B, Nikolaidis P, Hammond NA, et al. Identification of adhesions on CT in small-bowel obstruction. Emerg Radiol. 2006 Mar;12(3):88-93.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16344971?tool=bestpractice.com
Treatment of Crohn's disease and surgical correction of hernias can also limit its development. One of the potential advantages of laparoscopic surgery compared with open colorectal surgery is a reduction in postoperative bowel obstruction events. A meta-analysis showed that laparoscopic surgery for colorectal disease reduces overall early postoperative bowel obstruction, including ileus, as well as early bowel obstruction in subgroups of patients having surgery for cancer and diverticular disease.[5]Yamada T, Okabayashi K, Hasegawa H, et al. Meta-analysis of the risk of small bowel obstruction following open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Br J Surg. 2016 Apr;103(5):493-503.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26898718?tool=bestpractice.com