Epidemiology
In Europe, the annual incidence rates of generalised convulsive status epilepticus range from 3.6 to 6.6 per 100,000 population.[5] The annual incidence rates for non-convulsive status epilepticus range from 2.6 to 7.8 per 100,000 population.[5]
In the US, the incidence of status epilepticus ranges from about 10 to 41 cases per 100,000 people per year.[6][7] In a US population-based study, ethnic minorities had a substantially higher incidence (57 per 100,000) than white people (20 per 100,000).[7]
Status epilepticus can equally occur in patients with an established diagnosis of epilepsy or as the first unprovoked seizure in patients with no known history of epilepsy. In patients with epilepsy, status epilepticus is more likely to occur in those with refractory seizures of focal onset, whether or not there is known structural aetiology.[8]
Risk factors
Chronic or refractory epilepsy is a risk factor for developing status epilepticus. This was observed in several clinical trials involving patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.[15]
Other than stroke (ischaemic, haemorrhagic), examples include hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury, head trauma, subarachnoid haemorrhage, tumours, brain abscess, and other brain infections (meningitis, encephalitis).[11]
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer