History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
common
sudden onset and brief duration of symptoms (minutes)
A TIA may last anything from a few minutes to 24 hours. However, most patients usually have complete resolution of symptoms and signs within 1 hour.[2]
patient/witness report of focal neurological deficit
The key factor for a suspected diagnosis of TIA.
Other diagnostic factors
common
unilateral weakness or paralysis
dysphasia
Common in anterior circulation ischaemia.[43] Usually indicates left-sided cerebral hemisphere ischaemia.
ataxia, vertigo, or loss of balance
Common in posterior circulation TIAs.[44]
sudden transient loss of vision in one eye (amaurosis fugax)
Common in anterior circulation ischaemia and an early warning signal for cervical carotid stenosis.[43] Investigate cervical carotid stenosis urgently. See Carotid artery stenosis.
homonymous hemianopia
Common in posterior circulation TIAs if present in isolation.[44]
diplopia
Common in posterior circulation TIAs.[44]
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