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How to deliver chest compressions for an adult patient

Equipment needed

Prepare for delivering chest compressions to an adult patient with the following equipment:

• Personal protective equipment (PPE): gloves, face mask, or shield with a one-way valve.

• First aid kit: CPR mask or face shield, antiseptic wipes, bandages.

Indications

Chest compressions for adult patients are indicated in the following scenarios:

• Cardiac arrest: The patient is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping (agonal breathing).

Contraindications

Chest compressions should generally not be withheld in cases of cardiac arrest, but awareness of the following is important:

• Presence of a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order.

• Severe trauma: Significant chest injuries may require modified techniques or careful consideration.

Complications

Be aware of potential complications when performing chest compressions on adult patients:

• Rib fractures and chest injuries: Common but necessary risk to provide life-saving blood circulation.

• Internal injuries: Potential for internal organ damage, especially in frail patients.

• Infection transmission: Risk of transmitting infectious diseases between rescuer and patient.

Aftercare

Follow these aftercare steps after performing chest compressions on adult patients:

• Monitoring: Continue to monitor the patient’s vital signs until emergency services arrive.

• Recovery position: If the patient regains consciousness and starts breathing, place them in the recovery position.

• Medical evaluation: Ensure the patient is evaluated by medical professionals as soon as possible.

• Decontamination: Properly dispose of or sanitize any used equipment (e.g., face masks) and wash hands thoroughly.

• Documentation: Record the event, including the time of onset, interventions performed, and any changes in the patient’s condition.

• Emotional support: Provide emotional support to the patient and any bystanders or rescuers involved.