Systematic review inclusion and exclusion criteria (PICOS table)
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
| Population | Vaccine-eligible girls living in high income countries with school-based (or partially school-based) vaccination programmes (Andorra, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei, Canada, Channel Islands, Chile, Croatia, Curacao, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Gibraltar, Guam, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Macau, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago and the UK (Britain, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland)) | Studies focusing on LMICs, vaccination programmes which are not school-based, no individual-level data, vaccine coverage lower than 50%* |
| Intervention | Barriers and facilitators to vaccine uptake; determinants of not being vaccinated Studies which report on HPV vaccination by at least one sociodemographic measure (parental education, area-level deprivation, income/socioeconomic status, ethnicity, country of birth, religion) | Studies which do not report HPV vaccination by sociodemographic characteristics; studies reporting intent to vaccinate |
| Comparator | N/A | N/A |
| Outcome | HPV vaccination (at least one dose), individual-level data | Studies reporting only on catch-up vaccination |
| Study design | Representative of population, primary research, quantitative findings, conference abstracts Published 1 September 2006 to 20 February 2023 | Reviews, commentaries, editorials, case reports, guidelines, data not representative of the general population (based on sampling methodology) |
| Other | Published in English |
*Vaccination coverage was included as a criterion because the factors associated with non-uptake in a low coverage setting will not be the same as those in higher coverage settings. However, most settings with school-based vaccination are expected to have high coverage.
HPV, human papillomavirus; LMICs, low and middle income countries; PICOS, population, intervention, comparator, outcome and study design.