Table 3

The association between ICWS and all-cause mortality after hospitalisation, stratified by sex and cause group

	Men (n=7204)					Women (n=6930)
	Observations/deaths	Investigated		Placed		Observations/deaths	Investigated		Placed
	Observations/deaths	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	Observations/deaths	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
External causes	2459/533	1.65	1.34 to 2.02	2.35	1.87 to 2.96	1989/291	2.21	1.54 to 3.16	2.55	1.90 to 3.44
Self-harm	247/116	1.59	1.00 to 2.51	1.74	1.09 to 2.78	257/77	1.10	0.54 to 2.23	1.58	0.91 to 2.73
NCDs	5033/871	1.69	1.43 to 1.99	2.33	1.95 to 2.79	5064/567	1.61	1.21 to 2.15	2.08	1.66 to 2.62
Mental and behavioural disorders	1146/435	1.48	1.17 to 1.88	1.56	1.23 to 1.99	867/208	1.34	0.87 to 2.06	2.00	1.46 to 2.75
Anxiety	251/81	1.20	0.66 to 2.18	1.23	0.70 to 2.16	258/51	0.44	0.10 to 1.90	1.83	0.94 to 3.56
Depression	283/89	1.70	0.96 to 3.02	1.80	1.08 to 2.99	313/70	0.85	0.33 to 2.16	1.64	0.94 to 2.87
Substance use disorders	757/342	1.09	0.83 to 1.42	1.29	0.97 to 1.70	419/133	1.32	0.79 to 2.18	2.03	1.37 to 3.02
CVDs	2195/376	1.75	1.37 to 2.23	2.49	1.88 to 3.30	1530/225	2.09	1.39 to 3.14	2.27	1.59 to 3.25
Cancers	848/295	1.56	1.17 to 2.08	1.52	1.08 to 2.15	1094/309	1.38	0.90 to 2.11	1.47	1.01 to 2.13
Respiratory	816/198	1.22	0.86 to 1.73	2.30	1.58 to 3.35	814/151	1.13	0.61 to 2.11	1.63	1.09 to 2.43
Diabetes	381/100	1.40	0.86 to 2.29	3.00	1.74 to 5.17	243/57	1.97	0.86 to 4.52	1.65	0.80 to 3.38

Results from Cox proportional hazards models.
Reference group is ‘Without ICWS’. (HR=1.00). The models are centred around the first admission date and uses a calendar time scale. All models are adjusted for born out of wedlock, mother’s age at birth, occupational status of the father at birth, and family education at age 10. Bold numbers signify a p value ≤0.004.
CI, CI interval; CVDs, Cardiovascular diseases; HR, HR ratio; ICWS, involvement with child welfare services; NCDs, Non-communicable diseases.