Association between receiving public welfare assistance and suicidal ideation among older adults in Japan (N=16 135)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||
| PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
| Receipt of public assistance | 2.97 | (2.12 to 4.17) | 2.99 | (2.14 to 4.20) | 2.03 | (1.44 to 2.87) | 1.52 | (1.06 to 2.19) | 1.47 | (1.02 to 2.13) |
| Age (ref: 65–69) | ||||||||||
| 70–74 | 0.69 | (0.58 to 0.82) | 0.68 | (0.57 to 0.80) | 0.68 | (0.57 to 0.80) | 0.67 | (0.57 to 0.80) | ||
| 75–79 | 0.57 | (0.47 to 0.69) | 0.52 | (0.43 to 0.64) | 0.54 | (0.44 to 0.66) | 0.53 | (0.44 to 0.65) | ||
| 80–84 | 0.50 | (0.39 to 0.65) | 0.45 | (0.34 to 0.58) | 0.46 | (0.35 to 0.59) | 0.45 | (0.35 to 0.58) | ||
| 85+ | 0.58 | (0.42 to 0.81) | 0.49 | (0.35 to 0.69) | 0.45 | (0.33 to 0.63) | 0.44 | (0.32 to 0.62) | ||
| Sex (ref. male) | 1.21 | (1.06 to 1.39) | 1.13 | (0.98 to 1.29) | 1.18 | (1.03 to 1.35) | 1.16 | (0.99 to 1.36) | ||
| A no of household members (Ref: Living alone) | ||||||||||
| 2 | 0.55 | (0.46 to 0.65) | 0.62 | (0.52 to 0.73) | 0.63 | (0.53 to 0.75) | ||||
| 3+ | 0.63 | (0.52 to 0.77) | 0.67 | (0.55 to 0.82) | 0.69 | (0.56 to 0.85) | ||||
| Education >9 years (ref: ≤9 years) | 0.79 | (0.67 to 0.94) | 0.84 | (0.71 to 0.99) | 0.83 | (0.70 to 0.99) | ||||
| Equivalised household income (JPY 10 000; Ref:<100) | ||||||||||
| ≥JPY100 to <JPY200 | 0.81 | (0.65 to 1.02) | 0.90 | (0.72 to 1.12) | 0.89 | (0.72 to 1.11) | ||||
| ≥JPY200 to <JPY300 | 0.85 | (0.67 to 1.02) | 1.06 | (0.84 to 1.34) | 1.06 | (0.84 to 1.34) | ||||
| ≥JPY300 to <JPY400 | 0.64 | (0.49 to 0.85) | 0.85 | (0.65 to 1.12) | 0.85 | (0.65 to 1.12) | ||||
| ≥JPY400 | 0.78 | (0.59 to 1.04) | 1.13 | (0.85 to 1.50) | 1.13 | (0.85 to 1.50) | ||||
| Depressive symptoms | 4.07 | (3.53 to 4.68) | 4.00 | (3.46 to 4.62) | ||||||
| Medical conditions (Ref: none) | ||||||||||
| 1 or 2 | 0.97 | (0.81 to 1.15) | ||||||||
| 3+ | 1.25 | (1.02 to 1.55) | ||||||||
| Completed IADL (Ref: lower IADL) | 1.06 | (0.90 to 1.26) | ||||||||
Bold font is used to show statistically significant results. Model 1 was a null model that included only receipt of public welfare assistance. Model 2 additionally included age and sex. Model 3 included the same variables as in model 2 and the number of household members, education and equivalent household income. Model 4 included the same variables as in model 3 and depressive symptoms. The fully adjusted model 5 had the same variables as in model 4 and IADL and medical conditions. To adjust for geographical variation, the individual municipalities were coded as dummy variables and included in the analysis.
IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; PR, prevalence ratio.