Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals, CI) for poor self reported health after adjustment for city, age, gender, and their interactions, and after additional adjustment for educational level, regarding native Dutch people (370 neighbourhoods in five cities)*
| All respondents aged 16 and over (n=17238) | Respondents aged 25–64 (n=10775) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustment for city, age, gender, and their interactions | Idem + educational level | Adjustment for city, age, gender, and their interactions | Idem + educational level | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| *For the cities of Tilburg and Groningen no data were available on country of birth of the respondent; data from these cities were therefore excluded from this analysis. †Area level concerns neighbourhoods; random variance at individual level was fixed at “1” (assuming a strictly binomial variance); random variance at city level was captured by a dummy for each city. ‡Difference in deviance between a model containing an interaction of the neighbourhood measure and a model without (χ2 value and degrees of freedom; statistical significance (p<0.05) is indicated in bold). | ||||||||
| GP deprivation | ||||||||
| no | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| yes | 1.37 | 1.23 to 1.52 | 1.19 | 1.07 to 1.33 | 1.63 | 1.41 to 1.87 | 1.36 | 1.18 to 1.57 |
| Area level random variance (SE)† | 0.074 | (0.0419) | 0.0646 | (0.0424) | 0.0545 | (0.0669) | 0.0342 | (0.0677) |
| City differences (χ2; (df))‡ | 13.1 | (4 df) | 12.8 | (4 df) | 12.2 | (4 df) | 17.7 | (4 df) |
| Mean income | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| favourable | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| medium | 1.44 | 1.32 to 1.57 | 1.26 | 1.16 to 1.38 | 1.56 | 1.39 to 1.74 | 1.32 | 1.18 to 1.49 |
| unfavourable | 1.80 | 1.65 to 1.97 | 1.47 | 1.34 to 1.62 | 2.1 | 1.87 to 2.36 | 1.64 | 1.46 to 1.86 |
| Area level random variance (SE)† | 0.0644 | (0.0418) | 0.0626 | (0.0424) | 0.0457 | (0.0672) | 0.0335 | (0.0679) |
| City differences (χ2; (df))‡ | 41.2 | (8 df) | 33.4 | (8 df) | 13.0 | (8 df) | 6.4 | (8 df) |
| Proportion on social benefits | ||||||||
| favourable | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| medium | 1.32 | 1.20 to 1.44 | 1.17 | 1.07 to 1.28 | 1.48 | 1.32 to 1.65 | 1.29 | 1.14 to 1.45 |
| unfavourable | 1.68 | 1.53 to 1.84 | 1.39 | 1.26 to 1.52 | 1.98 | 1.76 to 2.23 | 1.57 | 1.38 to 1.77 |
| Area level random variance (SE)† | 0.0709 | (0.0419) | 0.0638 | (0.0423) | 0.0513 | (0.0671) | 0.0359 | (0.0678) |
| City differences (χ2; (df))‡ | 16.8 | (8 df) | 9.8 | (8 df) | 1.3 | (8 df) | 0 | (8 df) |