Multichannel surround synthesis algorithms derive a center channel and rear channels from a two-channel source, so that two-channel programs can be replayed over five loudspeakers. Typical two-channel programs were analyzed to determine their sum-and-difference (MS) ratios, and a test signal with controllable MS ratio was used to examine the static behavior of selected 2-5 processing algorithms.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=8527
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