Twelve pairs of three-year-olds and twelve pairs of five-year-olds were monitored in a play situation; their transcribed speech was examined for use of nominal reference, with attention to pronominalization and ellipsis. For the corpus of nominal references, there was a clear trend toward normal progression from specific indefinite to definite to…

The paper reports on the evaluation of Project ESPIRIT (Educational System in Parenting for the Retarded with Infants and Toddlers), a home based program for normal children of retarded mothers. Research problems are cited, such as instability of the experimental group. Preliminary results of analysis of four treatment variables and the criterion…

Much of the research on the racial attitudes of young children suggests that black or dark skin color elicits negative attitudes, while white skin color is embraced by all children regardless of their skin color. The authors sought to determine if Puerto Rican children exhibited similar ethnic identification and color preference characteristics.…

The effect of stimulus novelty, an attentional variable, on learning set acquisition was investigated. Learning set (LS) acquisition refers to an improvement in performance across a series of problems which have a common basis of solution. The design of this study involved two groups, one in which the positive stimulus on Trial 2 involved the…

Children with a mean age of 2;10 were presented with three tasks designed to evaluate their concept of front-back orientation. Two of the tasks were non-linguistic (a parade task and a canonical encounter task, involving nine toy objects). A third linguistic task assessed the child's knowledge of "front" and "back" by asking him/her to point to…

This is the first of two reports on existing measurement techniques for assessing characteristics of the home and educational environments and personal characteristics of children from birth to 9 years of age. In order to facilitate the use of currently available measures, tests have been categorized in terms of 10 broad areas and subcategorized…

Seven children aged 21 to 33 months were taped while they interacted with adults. Transcripts of each session were examined for utterances containing "and,""because,""but,""then," and "so.""And" was the first conjunction produced by all children, followed by "because.""So" was the last conjunction produced, and was used to mean both "in order…

This study investigates effects of perceived rule-breaking on the moral reasoning of young children. Thirty first-grade children (15 males and 15 females) were read 10 randomly ordered moral judgment stories by one of three experimenters. Each story was accompanied by a two-frame cartoon-like drawing depicting the action. Two stories of each of…

Presented are proceedings from a 1976 conference entitled "Understanding and Responding to Violence in Young Children" which was attended by over 600 students, teachers, child care workers, and parents. Following an introduction by L. Genser are entries with the following titles and authors: "The Course of the Development of Violence in Young…

This annotated bibliography of tests for children and parents covers tests for children age 0-6 months, 6-12 months, 12-24 months, 24-36 months, 36-48 months, and 48 months and up. The tests measure one or more of the following dimensions: language, cognition, self-help, social-affective, visual-motor, or physical health. The nine tests for…

Analysis of the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) and Stanford Binet (SB) test age and standard scores of mentally handicapped children of chronological ages 3, 4, 5, and 6 years indicated uniform underestimation of SB by the PPVT at the lower performance levels. Regression equations for determining SB from PPVT were…

This study investigates the effects of pain and non-pain consequences on groups of 22 high- and 22 low-aggression boys, as determined by a peer rating scale. The boys, who had a mean age of 10 years, 8 months, were instructed to hit a punching apparatus. Through earphones, half of each group heard pain cues, i.e., "ouch", while the other half…

The first objective of the study, conducted with 150 three-, four-, and five-year-olds, was to ascertain whether young children assign occupational and social roles by sex. The results obtained through the use of two newly devised instruments were positive. Children do assign social and occupational roles by sex. The second objective was to…

The mother of a hearing impaired child relates problems encountered in having her child diagnosed promptly. (SBH)

A comparison is made between the experienced scientist and the young child in their reasoning processes and methods of reaching logical conclusions. (JD)