This is a highly illustrated text designed to teach vocabulary of Akwesasne Mohawk at the elementary level in a bilingual/bicultural setting. Each word is accompanied by its English equivalent. Vocabulary includes numbers 1-5, common animals and substances, and every day expressions such as "hello""goodbye," and "thank…

Recommended for use in classrooms (no specific grade level is assigned) throughout Alaska, this base E sized wall map (4 feet by 3 feet) is color coded (number coded for the ERIC system) to reflect the 20 Alaska Native languages. Designating language dialect areas and boundaries, this map details the language relationships of the four Eskimo…

The ANEB bilingual/bicultural programs were in operation in eight rural communities in Alaska in 1973-74. This evaluation is based on the results of interviews with members of the community, staff, and student body. The information collected was in four areas: (1) fall 1973 student pretest information; (2) spring 1974 student posttest information;…

As contact with the American Indian people increased, Indian words, expressions, and terms filtered into the English language. On the other hand, the Indians also borrowed words from those people who came to the New World. The Jicarillas, because of their early contact with the Spanish culture and civilization, tended to borrow more words from the…

Three examples from the colonial era show the different ways and purposes of learning Indian languages. It is described how this knowledge served both sides in the Revolution, and imporved communication during peacetime. (MS)

Three Tzotzil-speaking Mexican sisters were interviewed about their attitudes toward their Indian schooling. They enjoyed school and felt it was important to attend school to learn Spanish, though they had not acquired few linguistic skills. (BW)

Two experimental language-learning textbooks were developed in collaboration with Apache-speaking scholars from the San Carlos and White Mountain Reservations. One was written in the grammar-translation tradition and modeled after successful textbooks for Navajo and Papago. While the text's main purpose is to teach elementary conversational…

A study of verb agreement and clause structure in Karaja, a Brazilian indigenous language of Macro-Je stock, discusses the subject and object agreement systems with relation to the Feature Specification Constraint. Implementation of the SOV order in Karaja is then analyzed and evidence is presented for the existence of a single functional phrase…

As part of a training program for Native Americans in speech and hearing sciences, University of Arizona speech-language pathologists conducted speech-language screenings of 583 Papago Indian Reservation children. This report presents screening results, describes patterns of English usage among this population and discusses the differentiation of…

Questions the existence of distinctions based solely on the gender of the speaker or hearer in Native American languages. Analyzes conversations from field work and notes that both male and female speakers sometimes use the deictics considered appropriate to the other sex and that deictics accomplish more than indicating the gender of the speaker.…

Uses eight languages in five distinct linguistic areas to examine two hypotheses regarding text generation and analysis and to illustrate their reciprocity relative to narrative discourse. Demonstrates how these hypotheses yield salience schemes and constituent analysis which mutually corroborate and correct each other. (KEH)

Presents an overview of the contemporary struggle of American Indians to relearn their native languages. Examines the loss of native languages resulting from assimilationist policies at federal boarding schools; bilingual programs of the 1970s that emphasized writing, reading, and "survival" vocabulary; and recent tribal language programs…

Focuses on bilingual education programs in Indian schools and communities in the southwestern United States. A social-historical analysis of bilingual education policy is presented, with findings from research on bilingual education. (59 references) (CK)

Pueblo author Simon Ortiz discusses Indigenous authors' use of their native language as a form of self-assertion, pointing out how African literature drives the decolonizing impulse in literature today. Use of the dominant language would reach a larger audience but would also make transmission of colonizers' cultural assumptions unavoidable while…

In this article, the author describes a program of Eastern Cherokee ancestral language restoration in Cherokee, North Carolina. One of the primary goals of the program is to enhance the self-concept of the children and motivate the students to experience academic excitement and success. The use of authentic legends and stories is one method…