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Showing 1,051 to 1,065 of 3,501 results Save | Export
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Clements, J. Eugene; Tracy, D. B. – Exceptional Children, 1977
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Cues, Elementary Education, Emotional Disturbances
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Minke, Karl A. – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1972
Results indicated that verb emission increased significantly across time for experimental group subjects as compared with control groups subjects when the operant level procedure was omitted. (Author)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Conditioning, Data Analysis, Form Classes (Languages)
Everly, Jr., George Stotelmyer; Girdano, Dorothy Dusek – Health Education (Washington D.C.), 1980
Behavior modification in a weight control program is examined in two models of operant and classical conditioning. Successful utilization of behavioral techniques is dependent on adherence to principles of learning, the skill and insight of the clinician, and the sensitivity to the individual needs of each client. (JN)
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Body Weight, Classical Conditioning, Dietetics
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Shors, Tracey J. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Stressful life events can have profound effects on our cognitive and motor abilities, from those that could be construed as adaptive to those not so. In this review, I discuss the general notion that acute stressful experience necessarily impairs our abilities to learn and remember. The effects of stress on operant conditioning, that is, learned…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Operant Conditioning, Helplessness, Classical Conditioning
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Fontan-Lozano, Angela; Troncoso, Julieta; Munera, Alejandro; Carrion, Angel Manuel; Delgado-Garcia, Jose Maria – Learning & Memory, 2005
We studied the effects of a selective lesion in rats, with 192-IgG-saporin, of the cholinergic neurons located in the medial septum/diagonal band (MSDB) complex on the acquisition of classical and instrumental conditioning paradigms. The MSDB lesion induced a marked deficit in the acquisition, but not in the retrieval, of eyeblink classical…
Descriptors: Patients, Associative Learning, Operant Conditioning, Alzheimers Disease
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Schneider, Susan M.; Harshaw, Christopher – European Journal of Developmental Science, 2007
Gottlieb's (1991/2007) target article represents a milestone in our understanding of the impact of social experience on developmental malleability. Interactions across the species-typical and operant behavior categories are increasingly understood to exist. The social contingencies present in the normal species-typical developmental manifold are…
Descriptors: Developmental Psychology, Developmental Stages, Individual Development, Operant Conditioning
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Zentall, Thomas R.; Singer, Rebecca A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
When behavior suggests that the value of a reinforcer depends inversely on the value of the events that precede or follow it, the behavior has been described as a "contrast" effect. Three major forms of contrast have been studied: "incentive contrast," in which a downward (or upward) shift in the magnitude of reinforcement produces a relatively…
Descriptors: Probability, Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Animals
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Belke, Terry W.; Garland, Theodore, Jr. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Mice from replicate lines, selectively bred based on high daily wheel-running rates, run more total revolutions and at higher average speeds than do mice from nonselected control lines. Based on this difference it was assumed that selected mice would find the opportunity to run in a wheel a more efficacious consequence. To assess this assumption…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Animals, Reinforcement
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Okouchi, Hiroto – Psychological Record, 2007
One group of undergraduates responded under a fixed-ratio (FR) 25 schedule and a second group responded under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 5-s schedule (first history phase). Both groups of subjects were then exposed to a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior (DRO) 5-s schedule (second history phase), and finally to…
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Contingency Management, Conditioning, Early Experience
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Shum, Fanny W. F.; Wu, Long-Jun; Zhao, Ming-Gao; Toyoda, Hiroki; Xu, Hui; Ren, Ming; Pinaud, Raphael; Ko, Shanelle W.; Lee, Yong-Seok; Kaang, Bong-Kiun; Zhuo, Min – Learning & Memory, 2007
Exposure to an enriched environment (EE) has been shown to induce cortical plasticity. Considerable amount of research is focused on the effects of EE in the hippocampus; however, effects of EE on other brain regions and the mechanisms involved are not well known. To investigate this, we induced cortical plasticity by placing mice in an EE for one…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Milieu Therapy, Therapeutic Environment, Investigations
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Pfordresher, Peter Q.; Palmer, Caroline; Jungers, Melissa K. – Cognitive Science, 2007
The production of complex sequences like music or speech requires the rapid and temporally precise production of events (e.g., notes and chords), often at fast rates. Memory retrieval in these circumstances may rely on the simultaneous activation of both the current event and the surrounding context (Lashley, 1951). We describe an extension to a…
Descriptors: Memory, Music, Serial Ordering, Sequential Learning
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Heth, C. Donald; Pierce, W. David – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Rats were given differential exposure to three distinct and novel foods. One of these foods was exposed for 7 days; another for 2 days, and the last was not exposed. Next, half of the rats received six daily sessions in which a compound of the three flavors was followed by opportunities to run in wheels. The other rats received the food compound…
Descriptors: Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Physical Activities, Conditioning, Eating Habits
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Zeiler, Michael D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2006
William H. Morse has played a major role in the experimental analysis of behavior. His view of operant behavior as the outcome of differential reinforcement provides an invaluable lesson in scientific research and theory. He studied schedules of reinforcement to generate an in-depth analysis of the complex interactions existing when contingencies…
Descriptors: Researchers, Behavioral Science Research, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning
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Weatherly, Jeffrey N.; Nurnberger, Jeri T.; Austin, David P.; Wright, Carol L. – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Research has suggested that rats increase their response rate for a low-valued reinforcer when a high-valued reinforcer will soon be available (i.e., positive induction) because the value of the low-valued substance has increased. The present study tested if such a procedure could be used to increase rats' responding for a non-reinforcing food.…
Descriptors: Food, Reinforcement, Animals, Responses
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Ishii, Kiyoshi; Iguchi, Yoshio; Sawa, Kosuke – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Using a context discrimination procedure and rats as the subjects, the formation of context-dependent aversions to novel and familiar fluids was investigated. Experiment 1 revealed that context dependency could be established to a novel fluid (saccharin) after three cycles of context discrimination training and that the acquired context dependency…
Descriptors: Animals, Discrimination Learning, Animal Behavior, Conditioning
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