This study sought to answer whether children can adjust their evaluation of essays according to standards expressed in the instructions. The question of whether the relative difficulty of detecting inconsistencies and falsehoods depends on the type of problem children are trying to find was addressed. (Author/GK)

Meltsner classified evaluators as technicians, politicians, entrepreneurs, or pretenders, based upon differing expectations norms, training, and motivations. This role-perception study of evaluators in a large urban school district supported Meltsner, although few technicians or politicians emerged. (CP)

Offers two assignments to develop students' problem solving skills: the first focuses on drawing issues, distinguishing key from subsidiary issues, and determining the relative importance of supportive details; the second helps students develop coping skills, relating the known to the unknown in a simulation of the work environment. (RL)

Effective teaching is not a concept which can be separated from the person who is teaching. Scholars who abstract observed teaching behaviors to create an objective, error-free, fictitious "effective teacher" don't seem to realize the quantitative and qualitative differences between their nonhuman creation and a living teacher. (SJL)

Dream incubation is the ritual of going to sleep in a sacred place in anticipation of receiving a helpful dream from a divine benefactor. Drawing upon a variety of contemporary psychotherapeutic principles and procedures, author constructed an experimental ritual of incubation. (Editor)

Some common reasons for failures of experimental procedures are presented and suggestions are given for avoiding them through systematic precautions taken beforehand. (Editor)

Investigates the reliability of the findings of Ovenstone and Krietman (some completed suicides have attempted suicide previously, whereas other completed suicides have no such history) with a sample of completed suicides in the United States. (Author/RK)

Considers several recent information-processing models of sentence-picture matching to assess their implications for sentence processing. (Editor/RK)

Offers reflections on a new type of qualitative research: consensual qualitative research (CQR). Argues that consensus processes and judgments are inherent in the understanding of any form of research practice. Discusses normative understanding of research practice, locates CQR in existing research traditions, and judges the value of CQR practice.…

A logical thinking test containing logical fallacies was administered to groups of 16-year-old and 17-year-old students (N=437) in Austria, Israel, and the Philippines. Students considered very able performed satisfactorily when required to choose a logically sound option, but exhibited weak performance when test items required a logically…

Describes and provides evidence for three propositions for improving professional continuing education: (1) the goal of professional practice is wise action; (2) knowledge acquired from practice is essential to achieve this goal; and (3) a model of learning from practice should be the centerpiece of professional continuing education. (SK)

Techniques developed in a federal agency to forge links between evaluators and decision makers using evaluation information are described. Focus is on engaging the decision maker in the identification of candidate programs, selection among candidates, program evaluation, reporting of evaluation results, and assessment of evaluation impact. (SLD)

Notes that fuzzy-trace theory has been used to understand false memories of children. Demonstrates the irony imbedded in the theory, maintaining that a central implication of fuzzy-trace theory is that some errors characterized as false memories are not really false at all. These errors, when applied to false alarms to related lures, are best…

Tacit knowledge and judgment associated with vocational education requires high levels of expertise on the part of assessors. A new model of competency-based education emphasizes the exchange of tacit knowledge and exercise of tacit judgment on learning, shedding new light on old debates about competency-based education and training. (SK)

Measures of ethical judgment and religiosity were completed by 242 business students aged 18-54. Gender, academic major, and religious commitment significantly influenced ethical judgments. Age and religious affiliation produced insignificant results. (SK)