Analysis of data from 529 female and 1,343 male physicians found a strong positive correlation between women's perceptions of the gender income differences they experienced and econometric estimates of those differences. Women accurately perceived wage discrimination and used their perception in determining the amount they were underpaid. (SK)

Responses discuss the following: unanswered questions (Gerald Greenberg); thinking critically about justice judgments (E. Allan Lind); just and virtuous leaders (Naomi M. Meara); voices of injustice victims (Debra L. Shapiro); justice research and practice (M. Susan Taylor); and the need for experimental research (Kees van der Bos); with rejoinder…

A decade ago, Bechara et al. [Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. "Cognition, 50," 7-15] published a paper in Cognition, introducing a Gambling Task which was designed to mimic everyday decision-making. Since then, the task has been…

Instructional design scholars have emphasized the development of theories and models more than the study of professional practice. Although both theoretical and practical knowledge are essential in a professional discipline, the field has not yet articulated the relationship between the two types of knowledge and how understanding this…

A national movement that claims its purpose is to protect academic freedom and intellectual diversity is beginning to take root in several states. A state legislative panel begins investigating whether Pennsylvania's public colleges and universities are indoctrinating students in left-wing ideology. Student monitors on a campus in Colorado tell…

Recognizing that value involves experiencing pleasure or pain is critical to understanding the psychology of value. But hedonic experience is not enough. I propose that it is also necessary to recognize that strength of engagement can contribute to experienced value through its contribution to the experience of motivational force--an experience of…

Author commented on the papers by Rudich (AA 521 870), San Juan (AA 521 871), and Morawski (AA 521 872) presented in this issue of the journal. (RK)

The making of a decision implies a choice between competing alternative solutions. In a decision-making context including multiple criteria, the criteria (or their related variables) are placed in relation to each other. This provides a comparison to some fixed point or origin, reducing the problem to one which can be solved by optimization as in…

This document notes that researchers study the processes involved in judgment and decision making and prescribe theories and models that reflect the behavior of the decision makers. It addresses the various models that are used to represent judgment and decision making, with particular interest in models that more accurately represent human…

Article investigated certain assumptions, often unconscious, which dominate a lot of educational research. (Author/RK)

The paper discusses the meaning of value and valuing, their roles in evaluation, and the potency of value systems in problem solving logic. Evaluation is defined as a process for facilitating decision making. A decision making situation occurs when there are options which are impossible to treat equivalently, and there is an impact in the…

Evaluation can be considered as a general activity not specifically confined to educational settings. This paper considers the assumptions leading up to a definition of value, defines value within the framework of the stated assumptions, and discusses evaluation as a conceptual, rationalizing activity. Terms defined in the paper's first section…

This report was prepared in part as a response to a State of California legislative mandate calling for evaluation in community colleges. The preparation of evaluative guidelines was the primary goal and that effort was based on four action steps: (1) ascertaining faculty and administrative attitudes locally towards evaluation; (2) performing a…

A book titled "The Processes of Thinking" by Marc Belth is reviewed. (JD)

Recent revisions of cognitive dissonance theory no longer encompass some of the important examples, data, and hypotheses that were part of Festinger's (1957) original statement. These changes are so substantial as to prompt the observation that the evolved theory might be identified as a different theory. (Editor/RK)