THIS TEST WAS DEVELOPED TO MEASURE THE INTELLIGENCE OF BLIND ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS. SIX HUNDRED AND THIRTY BLIND SUBJECTS 14 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER WERE USED IN REFINING AND STANDARDIZING THE NONVERBAL, PERFORMANCE OHWAKI-KOHS BLOCK DESIGN TEST FOR USE BY BLIND INDIVIDUALS IN THE UNITED STATES. RESULTS INDICATED STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT…

A review of research on the ways blind children develop and mediate the environment focuses on questions of comparative studies of blind and normal children's development and on issues in blind children's unique development. Three stages of mediation are noted (access, exploration, and interpretation). (CL)

A review, with biographical information, of Thomas J. Carroll's accomplishments and influence on services for blind persons discusses Carroll's leadership in transferring rehabilitation concepts developed during World War II for blinded servicemen to community agencies and his role in expanding psychosocial and mobility programs. (Author/CL)

Telephone interviews with blind adults who had learned and used braille as their primary reading mode in public schools revealed that most Ss reported using braille for personal notes and memoranda but rely on readers and recordings for the majority of their reading and type most of their personal correspondence. (Author/CL)

Bibliotherapy (use of books to help people deal with problems in their lives) can be very useful in helping blind people adjust to their loss. Criteria for material selection should address matters of reading preference, education and work history, prognosis, and nature of the adjustment problem. (CL)

An analysis of English braille as a written code from a linguistic viewpoint led to a regrouping and fresh description of the many elements of English braille, grade 2, with intention to facilitate both the teaching and the learning of reading braille. (Author/CL)

Four blind children aged 10-30 months received training in the use of the Binaural Sensory Aid, adapted for use by children. Although the two youngest children learned to use the aid, the two older children showed substantially less ability to respond to information provided by the aid. (Author/CL)

An interview with Susan Dunn, a graduate student of the University of Maryland in the field of dance, who is now blind. (JA)

Forty sighted persons (16 to 40 years old) were blindfolded and administered tactual form perception (FP) and spatial aptitude (SA) tests. No statistically significant correlation between scores on the tactual tests and FP and SA subtests of the General Aptitude Test Battery for sighted persons was found. (CL)

The article discusses developing sexuality and sexual awareness, with special reference to blind girls, and emphasizes the importance of establishing a sense of identity, individual and sexual, and structuring one's sexual growth by a conscious process of goal setting and achievement. (Author/CL)

Research (both data based and descriptive) on the development of self-concept in sighted and blind children is reviewed. Unanswered questions regarding family's childrearing methods, anxiety level, and the growth of positive self-concept are cited. The educator's role in promoting the blind child's self-esteem is emphasized. (CL)

The mental imagery of participants who became blind early in life (EB participants), participants who became blind later in life (LB participants), and sighted participants was compared in two experiments. In the first experiment, the participants were asked to image common objects and to estimate how far away these objects appeared in their…

Visual impaired adolescents have mixed emotions, that is feelings of helplessness, confusion, disbelief, powerlessness, fear, shamefulness and anxiety. They generally consider themselves as inferior beings. They are beset by predominantly negative images and view themselves as either a source of trouble or in trouble. In bringing this view, one of…

Special education and rehabilitation services for the blind embody many benefits. Ultimately, however, such services ought to lead to employment because, like any persons, the blind and visually impaired derive many benefits from employment. Yet, access to jobs for people with severe vision problems is impeded by many factors. It is therefore…

Diabetes currently affects 20.8 million people in the United States and is the leading cause of blindness in people between the ages of 20 and 74 years. The author uses a fictional but typical example to explain the ways in which low vision specialists can improve the diabetes self-management program of a person with low vision and demonstrates…