An attempt to outline the simplest framework for achievement testing that shows the relationship between achievement tests and the instructional programs, and to show how achievement testing may be implemented within this framework. (Author/DEP)

Described is the Reading Skill Profile, a criterion referenced test for evaluation of primary students with reading difficulties. (CL)

Issues involved in standard setting along with methods for standard setting are reviewed, with specific reference to their relevance for criterion referenced testing. Definitions are given of continuum and state models, and traditional and normative standard setting procedures. Since continuum models are considered more appropriate for criterion…

As alternatives to the objectives-based approach to specifying content domains for test construction purposes, six strategies are proposed: (1) amplified objectives; (2) Instructional Objectives Exchange (IOX) test specifications; (3) item transformations; (4) item forms; (5) algorithms; and (6) mapping sentences. Their effectiveness is assessed…

The problem of establishing appropriate passing scores is one of evaluation rather than estimation and not amenable to exact solution. It must therefore be approached by (1) identifying criteria for judging the acceptability of the passing score, (2) collecting the data appropriate to assessing each relevant criterion, and (3) judging how well the…

This manual, part of a long-range planning model concerning goal formulations, is a revision and update of an earlier work on writing educational performance objectives (ED 073 529). It modifies and extends the former manual to provide the total system description necessary for curriculum development as well as curriculum implementation. The first…

Several intermediate performance objectives and corresponding criterion measures are listed for each of 13 terminal objectives for an intermediate printing course. The materials were developed for a two-semester (3 hours daily) course with specialized classroom, shop, and practical experiences designed to enable the student to develop proficiency…

Several intermediate performance objectives and corresponding criterion measures are listed for each of 17 terminal objectives for a secondary level basic printing course. The materials were developed for a two-semester (2 hours daily) course with specialized classroom and shop experiences designed to enable the student to develop basic…

A sample of behavioral objectives and related test items that could be developed for content modules in Home Economics levels I and II, this book is intended to enable teachers to construct more valid and reliable test materials. Forty-eight one-page modules are presented, and opposite each module are listed two to seven specific behavioral…

The paper presents guidelines for evaluation of learning disabled adolescents and reviews measures available for use in the diagnosis of the handicapped student. Discussed are the advantages and disadvantages of norm referenced and criterion referenced measures. A checklist for use with students suspected to have difficulties is outlined.…

This paper deals with problems of measuring change in motor behavior. Conventional measurement procedures and statistical analyses involving change are presented in the first section. This section discusses difference scores as the criterion measure and the use of all scores as the dependent variables. This latter category involves using either…

To realize its full research potential, a need exists for the development of an automated objective pilot performance evaluation system for use in the Advanced Simulation in Undergraduate Pilot Training (ASUPT) facility. The present report documents the approach taken for the development of performance measures and also presents data collected…

Four common uses for criterion-referenced tests (CRT) are outlined: describing student achievement, improving curriculum development, being sensitive indicators of the effects of instruction, and facilitating classroom management decisions. These uses parallel various forms of empirically establishing the content, concurrent, and predictive…

The logic, i.e. the purposes, assumptions and implications of using performance objectives in evaluating schools is reviewed. The distinctions are recognized between standards for individuals and standards for groups as well as the distinction between normative and criterion-referenced standards. It is not appropriate to set standards for types of…

The educational implications of criterion-referenced tests are demonstrated. It is the hypothesis of the author that criterion-referenced tests have little educational impact unless carefully constructed around rigorous domain specifications. The paper details the process and problems of construction of a series of history tests presently being…