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Chapman, Laura Roche; Hallowell, Brooke – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2021
Purpose: Arousal and cognitive effort are relevant yet often overlooked components of attention during language processing. Pupillometry can be used to provide a psychophysiological index of arousal and cognitive effort. Given that much is unknown regarding the relationship between cognition and language deficits seen in people with aphasia (PWA),…
Descriptors: Aphasia, Sentences, Cognitive Processes, Arousal Patterns
Kong, Xuejun; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kevin; Koh, Madelyn; Tian, Ruiyi; Hobbie, Clara; Fong, Michelle; Chen, Qiuyi; Zhao, Minxuan; Budjan, Christoph; Kong, Jian – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological and developmental disorder, and a growing body of literature suggests the presence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in individuals with ASD. ANS is part of the "gut brain axis", which consists of an intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, mucosal immune system,…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Neurological Impairments, Human Body
Lau, Joseph C. Y.; To, Carol K. S.; Kwan, Judy S. K.; Kang, Xin; Losh, Molly; Wong, Patrick C. M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Atypical pitch processing is a feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), which affects non-tone language speakers' communication. Lifelong auditory experience has been demonstrated to modify genetically-predisposed risks for pitch processing. We examined individuals with ASD to test the hypothesis that lifelong auditory experience in tone…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Intonation, Auditory Perception
Sun, Hui; Saito, Kazuya; Tierney, Adam – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2021
Precise auditory perception at a subcortical level (neural representation and encoding of sound) has been suggested as a form of implicit L2 aptitude in naturalistic settings. Emerging evidence suggests that such implicit aptitude explains some variance in L2 speech perception and production among adult learners with different first language…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Auditory Perception, Cognitive Processes
Badwal, Areen; Poertner, JoHanna; Samlan, Robin A.; Miller, Julie E. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2019
Purpose: The zebra finch is used as a model to study the neural circuitry of auditory-guided human vocal production. The terminology of birdsong production and acoustic analysis, however, differs from human voice production, making it difficult for voice researchers of either species to navigate the literature from the other. The purpose of this…
Descriptors: Animals, Neurological Organization, Auditory Perception, Acoustics
White, J. Kael – ProQuest LLC, 2019
In a world flooded with 'click bait', 'alternative facts', and 'fake news' one's ability to seek out, discern, and value information is of utmost importance. Although contemporary phenomena, these cultural ills take advantage of an evolutionarily-preserved drive for humans and nonhuman animals to monitor for and pursue opportunities to gain…
Descriptors: Information Seeking, Neurological Organization, Brain, Learning
Gobin, Christina; Wu, Lizhen; Schwendt, Marek – Learning & Memory, 2020
The delayed match-to-sample task (DMS) is used to probe working memory (WM) across species. While the involvement of the PFC in this task has been established, limited information exists regarding the recruitment of broader circuitry, especially under the low- versus high-WM load. We sought to address this question by using a variable-delay…
Descriptors: Animals, Short Term Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Training
Utsumi, Akira – Cognitive Science, 2020
The pervasive use of distributional semantic models or word embeddings for both cognitive modeling and practical application is because of their remarkable ability to represent the meanings of words. However, relatively little effort has been made to explore what types of information are encoded in distributional word vectors. Knowing the internal…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Biology, Semantics, Neurological Organization
Jones, Samuel David; Brandt, Silke – Cognitive Science, 2020
High phonological neighborhood density has been associated with both advantages and disadvantages in early word learning. High density may support the formation and fine-tuning of new word sound memories--a process termed lexical configuration (e.g., Storkel, 2004). However, new high-density words are also more likely to be misunderstood as…
Descriptors: Emergent Literacy, Vocabulary Development, Toddlers, Phonology
Beltrán, David; Liu, Bo; de Vega, Manuel – Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 2021
Negation is known to have inhibitory consequences for the information under its scope. However, how it produces such effects remains poorly understood. Recently, it has been proposed that negation processing might be implemented at the neural level by the recruitment of inhibitory and cognitive control mechanisms. On this line, this manuscript…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Psycholinguistics, Morphemes, Inhibition
Maria Psyridou; Tuire Koponen; Asko Tolvanen; Kaisa Aunola; Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen; Anna-Maija Poikkeus; Minna Torppa – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2024
The early prediction of math difficulties (MD) is important as it facilitates timely support. MD are multifaceted, and several factors are involved in their manifestation. This makes the accurate early prediction of MD particularly challenging. In the present study, we aim to predict MD in Grade 6 with kindergarten-age (age 6) measures by applying…
Descriptors: Mathematics Achievement, Kindergarten, Young Children, Grade 6
Muscatello, Rachael A.; Kim, Ahra; Vandekar, Simon; Corbett, Blythe A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate atypical autonomic (ANS) responses; however, research remains inconsistent. This study examined parasympathetic response during social evaluation in 241 youth (10-13 years) with ASD (n = 138) or typical development (TD; n = 103). Diagnosis, age, pubertal development, and body mass…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Physiology, Neurological Organization
Hoffmann, Ferdinand; Grosse Wiesmann, Charlotte; Singer, Tania; Steinbeis, Nikolaus – Developmental Science, 2022
Childhood is marked by profound changes in prosocial behaviour. The underlying motivational mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the development of altruistically motivated helping in middle childhood and the neurocognitive and -affective mechanisms driving this development. One-hundred and twenty seven 6-12 year-old children…
Descriptors: Altruism, Children, Preadolescents, Helping Relationship
Fitzgerald, Jacqueline; Gallagher, Louise; McGrath, Jane – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2019
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterised by impaired social communication and restricted repetitive behaviours. Researchers posit that these core features may be underpinned by disrupted structural connectivity. A tract based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion MRI data was performed to investigate white matter organisation (an…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Neurological Organization, Interpersonal Communication
Tourville, Jason A.; Nieto-Castañón, Alfonso; Heyne, Matthias; Guenther, Frank H. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2019
Neuroimaging has revealed a core network of cortical regions that contribute to speech production, but the functional organization of this network remains poorly understood. Purpose: We describe efforts to identify reliable boundaries around functionally homogenous regions within the cortical speech motor control network in order to improve the…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Speech Communication, Neurological Organization, Diagnostic Tests