Three essay questions were administered to junior education major college students. Factor analysis of the ratings showed that content played a large role in the students' responses, yielding dominant first order factors. Generalizability theory, used to examine the reliability of students' ratings, showed the need for more raters and questions.…

This article describes a follow-up and secondary analysis of ego development of two samples originally tested early in their college years and retested to constitute a longitudinal study. Resultant data are consistent with the hypothesis that ego growth occurs according to a fixed sequence of stages and suggest that rate of growth decreases with…

Supports use of multiple paradigms for the measurement of individual differences in the search for explanations of natural language. Rather than a single paradigm discipline, they offer a wider scope of inquiry--phenomena of interest, types of questions, and forms of explanations, as well as opening the discipline to inspiration and analogy from…

In the current post-modern period, art is considered a cultural expression of the whole mind, and its best works set standards of achievement for the whole culture. How art educators must rethink and redesign art education curricula and learning experiences to reflect this post-modern period is discussed. (RM)

Investigates the severity of the sanctions group members (N=72) recommend in judging socially proscribed acts. Results showed that the greater the seriousness and attribution of personal responsibility, the more severe the sanctions. Status failed to reveal a mediating influence in the judgmental process. (LLL)

Uses an Israeli incident to illustrate the value of exchange theory in understanding the relationship between protest group leaders and reporters. (FL)

Concludes that the processes involved in gathering information can of themselves affect some of the assessments that journalists make of their sources. (FL)

An English-as-a-second-language reading comprehension test is analyzed, first using classical measurement procedures and then using the Rasch Model latent trait procedures. Results indicate that the Rasch Model analysis procedure produced numerous advantages for the test developer. Summarizes and describes 13 of these advantages. (SED)

Investigates the person/environment transactional processes of 75 elderly Cuban-Americans, using participant observation to learn about their adjustment to aging. Findings suggest the productiveness of the short-term exchange approach in understanding the older person's creative use of resources. (JAC)

Offers tips for supervising teachers and teaching based on the assumption that good teaching is an art rather than a science.

Defines student drop-out; presents data illustrating when external students are at greatest risk; explores reasons for the drop-out phenomenon in light of the distance education theories of Otto Peters, Borje Holmberg, and David Stewart; and lists suggestions to reduce early attrition rates and improve distance education institution functioning.…

Describes an informal study to determine whether elementary school students could use writing to help them learn math. Results indicated improved scores when compared to another class and also indicated more accurately which students did and did not understand the math concepts being taught. (HTH)

Questions whether the emphasis placed on the teaching of grammar in the American school curriculum will yield more than modest benefits. Suggests that literacy cannot be attained primarily through analyzing sentences and memorizing rules. (RBW)

Argues that many of the pragmatic concepts set forth by John Dewey might be modified and used in science education. Explains how this can be done. (FL)

Defines metadiscourse, writing about writing, and examines specific kinds of metadiscourse researchers identify, such as text connectives, illocution and validity markers, narrators, and commentary. (HTH)