Maintains that sociological thought and research must turn toward a future no longer dominated by the thinking and needs of industrialized nations. Describes the factors which will shape life experience in the next century. (JDH)

This article describes a Bayesian framework for estimation in item response models, with two-stage distributions on both item and examinee populations. Strategies for point and interval estimation are discussed, and a general procedure based on the EM algorithm is presented. (Author/LMO)

An atheoretical perspective is provided with which to compare and integrate the concept of honesty with familiar counseling concepts and skills. (Author)

The author reviews the literature on attribution theory and extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, and describes how teacher educators can work with prospective teachers to facilitate improved classroom conditions to motivate student teachers and, in turn, students. (MT)

An integration of the concepts of situational leadership with what is known about group development and functioning of work groups is discussed as a tool in helping managers, trainers, and group members understand group development and determine the appropriate leader behaviors to use in various situations to build unified, cohesive, and…

A study was conducted to determine the status of office automation among various firms in Utah. Data were collected concerning the degree of automation, types of office equipment, secretarial duties, staff relationships, organizational procedures, the degree of planning for future automation, and which office competencies are relevant for…

Four contributors discuss bringing real heroes into the classroom perceiving the value of unsung heroes and recognizing heroic qualities in students and in ordinary people. (EL)

Applies Kuhn's model of the structure of scientific revolutions, Popper's hypothetic-deductive model of science, and Lakatos' methodology of competing research programs to a historical biological episode. Suggests using Kuhn's model (emphasizing the nonrational basis of science) and Popper's model (emphasizing the rational basis of science) in…

Used Murstein's SVR (stimulus-value-role) theory to test the sequence of the value and role stages, and examined personal and couple readiness for marriage. Couples (N=88) who completed a premarital instrument were contacted by telephone one year later. Results provided little support for a sequence of value and role stages. (JAC)

Concludes that classroom teachers can articulate theories of reading outside the school, but that their actual instructional practice is governed by a complex set of contextual factors. (FL)

Psychology texts, dating from 1940, are examined to assess the impact of Raymond B. Cattell's work on the fields of social psychology and group dynamics. Factors contributing to his surprising lack of influence, including difficulties with the complexity, terminology, and independent nature of his work and personality, are discussed. (BS)

This article overviews and evaluates Raymond B. Cattell's integration of psychology and ethics. It describes his views on the psychological bases of individual morality and values: superego strength, motivation, and religious sentiment. Cattell's proposed ethical system, Beyondism, based on scientific method rather than rationality alone, is also…

The applicability of a new multiple-group factor analysis of dichotomous variables is shown and contrasted with the item response theory approach to item bias analysis. Situations are considered where the same set of test items has been administered to more than one group of examinees. (Author/BS).

This article outlines the development of centralized education systems in Australia, indicates some of the social pressures that have been inducing change in the patterns and summarizes what research says about school processes and their outcomes. (Author/CT)

It is the author's contention that there is unavoidable ambiguity in educational concepts, that they cannot be objectively identified, and that the definition of an area of research entails a number of value judgments. The author examines the ways in which educational concepts are actually used and compares ordinary usage with professional usage.…