Ethnographic "New Literacy Studies" question the idea that literacy as such has any uniform effects, arguing instead that effects of literacy inhere in the social practices that impart it. What change, then, does literacy produce where it arrived from two opposed sets of practices? In Quechua-and Aymara-speaking villages on the high…

In this article, the author examines Zitkala-Sa's translation of an Indian legend from Dakota into English. Her title, "Translation Moves," refers not only to Zitkala-Sa's rhetorical strategies, but also to different meanings of translation, as well as to the complex and dynamic process that translation entails. There is literal translation: the…

In this article, the author talks about his Dakota ancestry. Here, he also talks about "Lamenting Dakota Language Loss," a paper he delivered at the 2004 Modern Language Association (MLA) convention. At the convention, he raised several questions regarding the revitalization of endangered Native American languages. Among other things, he points…

This guide will provide the reader with the tools needed to plan a successful Cree language experience in the classroom. As a teacher, you will choose appropriate activities with your students from the Sample Teaching and Learning Activities. The activities and assessment strategies are samples you can add to and adapt to fit your classroom…

In this testimony, Dr. Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert talks on behalf of the National Indian Education Association with regard to the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) and challenges facing BIE schools in improving student achievement. Founded in 1969, the National Indian Education Association (NIEA) is the largest organization in the nation dedicated…

Among linguistic minorities of industrial nations proficiency speaking the dominant national language increases earnings and wages, but do similar results apply to autarkic linguistic minorities of developing nations? We contribute to studies of the returns to language skills by applying the human-capital approach to a society of hunters,…

The importance of Native languages to Native Americans and the effort needed to maintain them are discussed in this keynote address at the ninth Native American Language Issues Institute. It is noted that the current cultural transition has demeaned Native languages and cultures and that strategies must be devised by Native Americans to counter…

Agrees with Kean's rules for deglottalization in Klamath: that two rules are necessary--sonorant deglottalization and obstruent deglottalization--and that the latter is applied after the former. Disagrees with the formation of the obstruent deglottalization rule regarding the quality of word boundary. (SCC)

A study of verbs of movement from the point of view of what causes these particular verbs to be used. The defining features of these verbs are presented and discussed. The analysis is made in terms of its relation to the Mixtec analysis, with suggestions for reexamination of the latter. (SCC)

THE 12 BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH MAKE UP THIS COLLECTION WERE COMPILED BY MR. TROIKE'S STUDENTS IN A GRADUATE-LEVEL COURSE IN AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, 1966-67. LANGUAGE FAMILIES INCLUDED ARE--(1) NA-DENE, (2) NAVAHO, (3) ALGONQUIAN, (4) UTO-AZTECAN, (5) SIOUAN, (6) IROQUIAN, (7) MAYAN, (8) MIXTEC, (9) QUECHUMARAN…

Intended to contribute toward the understanding of paragraph and discourse structure, this study is based on the Totonac language as it comprises the "most extensive and involved system of clauses" seen by the authors and because the generation of the 396 verbal types of this system from a kernel of 11 types is "very symmetric and…

Material collected in the Summer of 1967 under a grant from the National Science Foundation; earlier versions presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (New York, N.Y., November 1971) and the 7th International Salish Conference (Bellingham, Washington, August 1972). (DD)

Research accomplished in connection with the Southeastern Indian Language Project and supported by a grant to the University of Georgia from the National Science Foundation. (RS)

Orthography presented here based on research supported by the Phillips Fund of the American Philosophical Society; work on phonology supported by the Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. (RS)