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Porritt, Matthew; Van Wagner, Karen; Poling, Alan – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
Pigeons were exposed to a repeated acquisition procedure in which no delays were imposed and rate of responding was relatively high. They also were exposed to conditions in which delays were arranged between trials within chains or between completed chains, and rates of responding were lower. Number of trials, rate of reinforcement, difficulty of…
Descriptors: Precision Teaching, Animals, Reinforcement, Conditioning
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Matthews, Elizabeth A.; Disterhoft, John F. – Learning & Memory, 2009
Big-K[superscript +] conductance (BK)-channel mediated fast afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) following action potentials are reduced after eyeblink conditioning. Blocking BK channels with paxilline increases evoked firing frequency in vitro and spontaneous pyramidal activity in vivo. To examine how increased excitability after BK-channel blockade…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Eye Movements, Brain, Learning
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Torche, Florencia; Warren, John Robert; Halpern-Manners, Andrew; Valenzuela, Eduardo – Social Forces, 2012
Panel surveys are widely used in sociology to examine life-course trajectories and to assess causal effects. However, when using panel data researchers usually assume that the act of measuring respondents' attitudes and behaviors has no effect on the attributes being measured or on the accuracy of reports about those attributes. Evidence from…
Descriptors: Evidence, Control Groups, Research Design, Substance Abuse
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Erickson, Martha A.; Maramara, Lauren A.; Lisman, John – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2010
Recent work showed that short-term memory (STM) is selectively reduced in GluR1 knockout mice. This raises the possibility that a form of synaptic modification dependent on GluR1 might underlie STM. Studies of synaptic plasticity have shown that stimuli too weak to induce long-term potentiation induce short-term potentiation (STP), a phenomenon…
Descriptors: Animals, Stimuli, Short Term Memory, Conditioning
Lattal, Kennon A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
The experimental analysis of delay of reinforcement is considered from the perspective of three questions that seem basic not only to understanding delay of reinforcement but also, by implication, the contributions of temporal relations between events to operant behavior. The first question is whether effects of the temporal relation between…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Delay of Gratification, Experimental Psychology
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Foster, Jennifer A.; Burman, Michael A. – Learning & Memory, 2010
Long-term memory for fear of an environment (contextual fear conditioning) emerges later in development (postnatal day; PD 23) than long-term memory for fear of discrete stimuli (PD 17). As contextual, but not explicit cue, fear conditioning relies on the hippocampus; this has been interpreted as evidence that the hippocampus is not fully…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Neurology, Long Term Memory, Developmental Stages
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Muravieva, Elizaveta V.; Alberini, Cristina M. – Learning & Memory, 2010
Previous studies suggested that the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol might be a novel, potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This hypothesis stemmed mainly from rodent studies showing that propranolol interferes with the reconsolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning (FC). However, subsequent investigations…
Descriptors: Investigations, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Classical Conditioning, Memory
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Purkis, Helena M.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Evaluative learning is said to differ from Pavlovian associative learning in that it reflects stimulus contiguity, not contingency. Thus, evaluative learning should not be subject to stimulus competition, a proposal tested in the current experiments. Participants were presented in elemental and compound training phases with pictures of shapes as…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Competition, Associative Learning, Experiments
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Amano, Hisayuki; Maruyama, Ichiro N. – Learning & Memory, 2011
The nematode "Caenorhabditis elegans" ("C. elegans") adult hermaphrodite has 302 invariant neurons and is suited for cellular and molecular studies on complex behaviors including learning and memory. Here, we have developed protocols for classical conditioning of worms with 1-propanol, as a conditioned stimulus (CS), and hydrochloride (HCl) (pH…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Long Term Memory, Olfactory Perception
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Wells, Audrey M.; Lasseter, Heather C.; Xie, Xiaohu; Cowhey, Kate E.; Reittinger, Andrew M.; Fuchs, Rita A. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Contextual stimulus control over instrumental drug-seeking behavior relies on the reconsolidation of context-response-drug associative memories into long-term memory storage following retrieval-induced destabilization. According to previous studies, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and dorsal hippocampus (DH) regulate cocaine-related memory…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Animals
Singer-Dudek, Jessica; Oblak, Mara; Greer, R. Douglas – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
We tested the effects of an observational intervention (Greer & Singer-Dudek, 2008) on establishing children's books as conditioned reinforcers using a delayed multiple baseline design. Three preschool students with mild language and developmental delays served as the participants. Prior to the intervention, books did not function as reinforcers…
Descriptors: Intervention, Preschool Children, Developmental Delays, Books
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Taylor, Bridget A.; DeQuinzio, Jaime A. – Behavior Modification, 2012
A skill essential for successful inclusion in general education settings is the ability to learn by observing others. Research, however, has documented children with autism display significant deficits in the fundamental skills necessary for observational learning. This article outlines the skills essential for observational learning from an…
Descriptors: Autism, Observational Learning, Basic Skills, Inclusion
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Koffarnus, Mikhail N.; Jarmolowicz, David P.; Mueller, E. Terry; Bickel, Warren K. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2013
Excessively devaluing delayed reinforcers co-occurs with a wide variety of clinical conditions such as drug dependence, obesity, and excessive gambling. If excessive delay discounting is a trans-disease process that underlies the choice behavior leading to these and other negative health conditions, efforts to change an individual's discount rate…
Descriptors: Delay of Gratification, Conceptual Tempo, Reinforcement, Therapy
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Meeter, Martijn; Veldkamp, Rob; Jin, Yaochu – Brain and Cognition, 2009
Why does the brain contain more than one memory system? Genetic algorithms can play a role in elucidating this question. Here, model animals were constructed containing a dorsal striatal layer that controlled actions, and a ventral striatal layer that controlled a dopaminergic learning signal. Both layers could gain access to three modeled memory…
Descriptors: Animals, Operant Conditioning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
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Murphy, Carol; Barnes-Holmes, Dermot – Psychological Record, 2009
Participants were 2 typically developing children, aged 9 and 10 years, and 1 child, aged 4 years, with a reported severe speech delay. Five specific mand functions were trained such that participants learned to mand for the delivery or removal of tokens to the value of -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2, by presenting an arbitrary stimulus (A1, A2, A3, A4,…
Descriptors: Children, Verbal Operant Conditioning, Stimuli, Token Economy
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