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Park, Sangsoo; Van Emmerik, Richard; Caldwell, Graham E. – Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 2021
The aim of this study was to describe how major leg muscle activities are altered after learning a novel one-legged pedaling task. Fifteen recreational cyclists practiced one-legged pedaling trials during which they were instructed to match their applied pedal force to a target direction perpendicular to the crank arm. Activity in 10 major leg…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Human Body, Physical Activities, Neurological Organization
Meijer, Anna; Königs, Marsh; Pouwels, Petra J. W.; Smith, Joanne; Visscher, Chris; Bosker, Roel J.; Hartman, Esther; Oosterlaan, Jaap – Child Development, 2022
Recent evidence suggests that cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skill performance are related to neurocognitive functioning by influencing brain structure and functioning. This study investigates the role of resting-state networks (RSNs) in the relation of cardiovascular fitness and gross motor skills with neurocognitive functioning in…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Human Body, Physical Fitness, Cognitive Psychology
Goddard Blythe, Sally; Duncombe, Rebecca; Preedy, Pat; Gorely, Trish – Education 3-13, 2022
The presence of primitive (infant) reflexes in school-aged children as indicators of immaturity in neuromotor functioning has been associated with under-achievement in terms of reading, writing and mathematics, and been linked to conditions such as dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Foreign Countries, Neurological Organization, Psychomotor Objectives
Costa, Renan M.; Baxter, Douglas A.; Byrne, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Operant reward learning of feeding behavior in "Aplysia" increases the frequency and regularity of biting, as well as biases buccal motor patterns (BMPs) toward ingestion-like BMPs (iBMPs). The engram underlying this memory comprises cells that are part of a central pattern generating (CPG) circuit and includes increases in the intrinsic…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization, Operant Conditioning
Knudsen, Laust V.; Sheldrick, Abigail J.; Vafaee, Manouchehr S.; Michel, Tanja Maria – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2023
Cognition and brain homeostasis depends on cerebral blood flow to secure adequate oxygen and nutrient distribution to the brain tissue. Altered cerebral blood flow has previously been reported in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum condition in comparison to non-autistics. This phenomenon might suggest cerebral blood flow as a potential…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Schemata (Cognition)
Araujo, Luize Bueno de; Mélo, Tainá Ribas; Israel, Vera Lúcia – Early Child Development and Care, 2023
The objective of this study was to verify the effects on 4- to 18-month-old babies' NPMD after the family-centered Kids Intervention Therapy -- Aquatic Environment (KITE) programme. This quasi-experimental study involved 61 families. The NPMD was assessed with Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), Denver II Developmental Screening Test, context…
Descriptors: Infants, Program Effectiveness, Motor Development, Child Development
Wickliffe C. Abraham; Owen D. Jones; David L. Glanzman – npj Science of Learning, 2019
It has been 70 years since Donald Hebb published his formalized theory of synaptic adaptation during learning. Hebb's seminal work foreshadowed some of the great neuroscientific discoveries of the following decades, including the discovery of long-term potentiation and other lasting forms of synaptic plasticity, and more recently the residence of…
Descriptors: Brain, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Neurosciences
Bathelt, Joe; Geurts, Hilde M. – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2021
Differences in the default mode network are among the most replicated brain-level findings in autistic individuals. Furthermore, subregions within the default mode network are associated with cognitive functions such as mentalising that are immediately relevant to cognitive theories of autism. Recent evidence suggests that the default mode network…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Brain, Children
McPartland, James C.; Lerner, Matthew D.; Bhat, Anjana; Clarkson, Tessa; Jack, Allison; Koohsari, Sheida; Matuskey, David; McQuaid, Goldie A.; Su, Wan-Chun; Trevisan, Dominic A. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
During the last 40 years, neuroscience has become one of the most central and most productive approaches to investigating autism. In this commentary, we assemble a group of established investigators and trainees to review key advances and anticipated developments in neuroscience research across five modalities most commonly employed in autism…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Neurosciences, Research
Kubicek, Emily; Quandt, Lorna C. – Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2021
Past work investigating spatial cognition suggests better mental rotation abilities for those who are fluent in a signed language. However, no prior work has assessed whether fluency is needed to achieve this performance benefit or what it may look like on the neurobiological level. We conducted an electroencephalography experiment and assessed…
Descriptors: Deafness, Sign Language, Spatial Ability, Cognitive Processes
Meaghan Perdue – ProQuest LLC, 2021
Reading is a complex task that requires integration of information across brain systems that support sensory, language and cognitive processing. Individuals vary widely in reading ability: some read almost effortlessly, while others struggle to make sense of printed text. Factors at multiple levels from genes and brain through environment…
Descriptors: Neurology, Biology, Brain, Reading Processes
Wen, Zhisheng; Yang, Jing; Han, Lili – Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 2022
Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in case studies and surveys by researchers of second language acquisition (SLA) and cognitive (neuro-)science to probe into the group of exceptionally talented multilingual learners or polyglots who can understand and speak an impressive number of multiple foreign languages other than their own mother…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Language Aptitude, Language Proficiency, Language Skills
Deirdre M. McCarthy; Thomas J. Spencer; Pradeep G. Bhide – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2024
Objective: We offer an overview of ADHD research using mouse models of nicotine exposure. Method: Nicotine exposure of C57BL/6 or Swiss Webster mice occurred during prenatal period only or during the prenatal and the preweaning periods. Behavioral, neuroanatomical and neurotransmitter assays were used to investigate neurobiological mechanisms of…
Descriptors: Models, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Smoking, Animals
Zelazo, Philip David; Carlson, Stephanie M. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
Executive function (EF) skills are a set of attention-regulation skills involved in intentional, goal-directed behavior that include (but are not limited to) the cool EF skills of working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control, and also the hot EF skill of intentional reevaluation. These skills are inevitably expressed in goal- and…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Inhibition
Gerwin, Katelyn L.; Weber, Christine – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2020
Purpose: Previous studies of neural processing of rhyme discrimination in 7- to 8-year-old children who stutter (CWS) distinguished children who had recovered, children who had persisted, and children who did not stutter (CWNS; Mohan & Weber, 2015). Here, we investigate neural processing mediating rhyme discrimination for early acquired real…
Descriptors: Stuttering, Young Children, Neurological Organization, Rhyme