This book contains a selection of research reports on the subject of women athletes. The participation of women in sports is examined from different points of emphasis, including (1) endurance and bodily strength; (2) sociological perspective of women in sports; (3) women cooperating in teams; (4) cross-cultural comparisons of women in different…

Two hundred and fifty college and university physical education departments offering major degrees to females participated in a survey to determine the degree of uniformity between professional preparation programs. Degrees offered, types of bachelor's degrees offered, National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education status, current…

These conference proceedings cover three general areas: (1) purposes and values of high school athletics, (2) the need for a definition of equality, and (3) the legal basis for athletics and evolving definitions of equality. Specific essays discuss topics such as the organization and legal basis for athletics; racial segregation in high school…

This annotated bibliography on women's athletics was compiled from the ERIC data base for documents and journal articles. It cites document accession number, pagination, availability in microfiche and/or hard cover, availability source and address. The bibliography presents material on women's athletics and (1) general sex discrimination (14…

Survey of 165 high school and college female athletes revealed the following: (1) high school subjects tend to emulate another female player; (2) of those who perceived a difference between male and female coaches as role models, high school students preferred a female coach, and college students preferred a male coach. (Author/BJV)

This thesis investigated the hiring trends for athletic leadership positions in California's community colleges from 1988 through 1997. The directory published by the Commission on Athletics (COA) was used to identify and gather information on athletic departments, and an Equal Employment Opportunity Survey was designed to assess the gender and…

The history of intercollegiate athletics is examined. Focus is on four major outside interventions and four major issues: The economics of collegiate sports; unethical practices in recruiting and on-campus treatment of athletes; equal opportunity for women in sports, and the relationship of collegiate sports to higher education. (JMD)

An examination of collegiate athletics suggests that the present financial structure assures that the rich get richer; that the present governing structure separating men's and women's programs will not serve the long-term interests of either group; and that the financial structure for big-time programs precludes wider student participation. (JMD)

The results of an HEW study of athletic injuries and deaths in high schools and colleges and related data on collegiate athletics-related injuries and care are examined. Data-reporting problems and recommendations regarding the role of government in sports are discussed. (JMD)

The article discusses women's roles in the Olympics as participants or leaders, noting the International Olympic Committee's efforts to consider women in sport leadership positions over the years. It presents frames of reference and implementation strategies to consider in meeting goals of equal opportunity for women throughout the Olympic…

Critical race scholarship focuses on people of color, women, and the intersection of race and gender. Conversely, sport scholarship has reflected the dominant White male culture. Sport culture ignores the experience of women and people of color, and most specifically ignores women who are people of color. This paper provides an overview of the…

A study examined, through comparison, The "New York Times'" coverage of the 1995 women's and men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball tournaments. The study sought to answer three questions: (1) Does the "Times" frame the women's event as unimportant?; (2) If so, how?; and (3) What does this say about…

This paper reviews the literature on women's baseball prior to the establishment of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League by P. K. Wrigley in 1943. Around the turn of the century, women had fewer opportunities for participation in sports and long standing stereotypes permeated the thoughts and ideals of society with respect to women…

During the early decades of this century in rural Iowa, basketball for girls served to bring excitement and diversion in an otherwise bleak environment. It provided a chance for the girls to travel, occasionally to large cities. Playing basketball enhanced the girls' relationships with school peers and teachers and served to bring recognition and…

Techniques are presented from successful athletic fund-raisers on how to structure a fund-raising program through an independent booster club, as part of the athletic department or as part of the total institutional development program. The handbook offers advice on building a program from scratch; organizing successful campaigns, involving…