UNESCO has given serious attention to the contribution that physical education and sport can make to the life enrichment of the people of the world. The developing nations, in particular, regard the expansion of lifelong opportunity for participation in physical education and sport to be among their highest national aspirations. (JN)

The role of college presidents with regard to athletics programs, particularly intercollegiate programs, is explored, and factors that influence presidents' ability to control, such as financial concerns, alumni interest, background, and competition levels, are discussed. The roles of athletics directors, coaches, and athletes themselves are also…

Through the requirements of Title IX and of various sports organizations, enforced by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the courts, the external regulation of intercollegiate sports is a salient fact of college and university existence. The legal basis for regulation and some examples of enforcement are examined. (JMD)

Interpersonal influence largely explains the recruitment of high school girls into interscholastic athletics; female athletes tend to manifest a more favorable self-concept than their nonathletic counterparts. (JD)

National study examined gender trends for two-year college coaches of men's and women's athletics. Questionnaires from 136 athletic administrators indicated declines in the number of female coaches from 1983-90. The small number of female respondents made it difficult to determine relationships between the gender of athletic administrators and…

This article draws meaning from the achievements of elite women athletes related to opportunities and attitudes of women in general, examining how women's gains in the Olympics have affected the lives and everyday activities of other women. The paper focuses on changes in leisure time and recreational activities in women's lives. (SM)

There continues to be oppression among female athletes, even after the enactment of Title IX in 1972. Female athletes in secondary schools deal with low self-esteem, eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, and depression. Female athletes struggle with societal pressures to maintain a model-like figure, while trying to train and perform for…

The relationship between activity and positive self-esteem in girls 9 to 12 years of age was explored in this study. The hypothesis was that the positive relationship between physical activity and positive self-esteem which exists for women also exists for girls. A secondary goal was to gain insight into some of the factors that are associated…

Prepared as a report to Representative Cardiss Collins as part of an ongoing review of the implementation of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, this document examines the current status of gender equity in intercollegiate athletics. Agencies with oversight responsibility for public higher education in each of the 50 states and the…

This book consists of writings which focus on the role of physical educators in the growth, development, and evolution of competitive basketball. It is divided into two parts, "The Early Years of Basketball--l890s-l930s" and "The Second Fifty Years of Basketball--1940s-1980s." Part I contains 3 sections which place basketball…

This paper examines the development of women's sports during the first three decades of the 20th century and compares it with the development of the women's movement during the same period. In so doing, the paper focuses on the views of female physical educators and female athletes and on their participation in sport. These views and the…

Comparisons between sport-related injuries for male and female athletes are discussed in relation to statistics gathered by the National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System (NAIRS) and other sources. Tables display data on: (1) athletic injuries and fatalities in colleges and universities by sport, l975-76; (2) average annual frequency of…

Recent growth of sport psychology research has led to studies of the attitudes of women in sports. Using the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test with 736 male and female subjects, one study found that: (1) Males with a masculine self description had the lowest levels of sports anxiety; (2) The "feminine" males had a very…

This publication reviews the history of women and girls in athletics, assesses the current status of female participation in high school and college competitive athletics, and summarizes recent policy interpretations by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. The historical review…

A discussion is presented of what may be the effect of the law barring sex bias in federally assisted education programs on minority women involved in intercollegiate athletics in minority institutions. New interpretations of federal law are designed to insure that financial assistance will be available equally for males and females in any…