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Love, Jessica June – ProQuest LLC, 2013
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PECS phase III application training on independent mands in young children with autism. Participants were five children with autism ranging from ages 2 to 4 years old. A multiple baseline across participants was used to evaluate acquisition of independent correct mands across baseline and…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Young Children, Verbal Operant Conditioning
White, K. Geoffrey; Brown, Glenn S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
Pigeons performed a delayed matching-to-sample task in which large or small reinforcers for correct remembering were signaled during the retention interval. Accuracy was low when small reinforcers were signaled, and high when large reinforcers were signaled (the signaled magnitude effect). When the reinforcer-size cue was switched from small to…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Accuracy, Memory
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Cromer, Jason A.; Machon, Michelle; Miller, Earl K. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
The PFC plays a central role in our ability to learn arbitrary rules, such as "green means go." Previous experiments from our laboratory have used conditional association learning to show that slow, gradual changes in PFC neural activity mirror monkeys' slow acquisition of associations. These previous experiments required monkeys to repeatedly…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Prior Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Animals
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Diaz, Estrella; De la Casa, L. G. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
This paper presents evidence of extinction, spontaneous recovery and renewal in a conditioned preferences paradigm based on taste-taste associations. More specifically, in three experiments rats exposed to a simultaneous compound of citric acid-saccharin solution showed a preference for the citric solution when the preference was measured with a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Models, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
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Plowright, C. M. S.; Evans, S. A.; Leung, J. Chew; Collin, C. A. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Truly flower-naive bumblebees, with no prior rewarded experience for visits on any visual patterns outside the colony, were tested for their choice of bilaterally symmetric over asymmetric patterns in a radial-arm maze. No preference for symmetry was found. Prior training with rewarded black and white disks did, however, lead to a significant…
Descriptors: Delivery Systems, Violence, Delinquency, Prevention
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De Leonibus, Elvira; Costantini, Vivian J. A.; Massaro, Antonio; Mandolesi, Georgia; Vanni, Valentina; Luvisetto, Siro; Pavone, Flaminia; Oliverio, Alberto; Mele, Andrea – Learning & Memory, 2011
Response strategy in the dual-solution plus maze is regarded as a form of stimulus-response learning. In this study, by using an outcome devaluation procedure, we show that it can be based on both action-outcome and stimulus-response habit learning, depending on the amount of training that the animals receive. Furthermore, we show that…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Task Analysis, Stimuli, Responses
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Winterbauer, Neil E.; Bouton, Mark E. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three experiments with rat subjects examined resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response using the procedure introduced by Epstein (1983) with pigeons. There were three phases: (1) initial acquisition of pressing on a lever (L1) for pellet reward, (2) extinction of L1, and (3) a test session in which a second lever (L2) was inserted,…
Descriptors: Rewards, Experimental Psychology, Animals, Laboratory Experiments
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Dibbets, Pauline; Maes, Joseph H. R. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
The present human fear conditioning study examined whether the valence of an extinction cue has a differential effect on attenuating renewal that is induced by removal of the extinction context. Additionally, the study aimed to assess whether such attenuating effect is based on a modulatory or safety-signal role of the cue. In acquisition,…
Descriptors: Experimental Groups, Stimuli, Safety, Cues
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Furniss, F.; Biswas, A. B. – Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 2012
Background: Behavioural interventions conceptualise self-injurious behaviour (SIB) as developing from early repetitive behaviours through acquisition of homeostatic functions in regulating stimulation and subsequent shaping into SIB through socially mediated or automatic operant reinforcement. Despite high success rates, such interventions rarely…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Mental Retardation, Classical Conditioning, Phenomenology
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Holth, Per – Behavior Analyst, 2012
A series of experiments on operant variability by Neuringer and colleagues (e.g., Neuringer, 1986, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985) have been repeatedly cited as showing that behavioral variability can be reinforced by making reinforcement contingent on it. They showed that the degree of variability in pigeons' eight-peck sequences, as measured by U…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Reinforcement, Topography
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Agras, W. Stewart – Behavior Modification, 2012
The 4 years that Michel Hersen spent at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (1970-1974) are described in this article from the viewpoint of his place in the history of the development of behavior analysis and therapy. The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Mississippi Medical Center became a leader in enhancing the role of…
Descriptors: Psychologists, Behavior Modification, Psychiatry, Psychology
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Flavell, Charlotte R.; Lee, Jonathan L. C. – Learning & Memory, 2012
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) are both structures with key roles in contextual fear conditioning. During fear conditioning, it is postulated that contextual representations of the environment are formed in the hippocampus, which are then associated with foot shock in the amygdala. However, it is not known to what…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Fear, Neurological Impairments, Context Effect
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Speckman, JeanneMarie; Greer, R. Douglas; Rivera-Valdes, Celestina – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
We report 2 experiments that tested the effects of multiple exemplar instruction (MEI) across training sets on the emergence of productive autoclitic frames (suffixes) for 6 preschoolers with and without language-based disabilities. We implemented multiple exemplar tact instruction with subsets of stimuli whose "names" contained the suffix "-er"…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Verbal Stimuli, Suffixes, Experiments
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Aleixo, Paul A.; Norris, Claire E. – Psychology Teaching Review, 2013
Comics and graphic novels have made a greater impact on popular culture in recent years and can be used for enhancing the learning experience of psychology students. One of the best known and respected comic book writers of the last 30 years is Alan Moore, who has included a number of detailed references to psychological studies and experiments in…
Descriptors: Cartoons, Novels, Psychological Studies, Experimental Psychology
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Stoloff, Sacha; Boulanger, Maude; Roy, Virginie; Rivard, Marie-Claude – Journal of Education and Learning, 2015
The worldwide rise in obesity makes this the first non-infectious epidemic in human history. The rapid increase is, in fact, influenced more by environment than biology. In an effort to halt the trend, Quebec has launched a major awareness-raising campaign that focuses on healthy environments and targets stakeholders in schools, municipalities,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Obesity, Consciousness Raising, Health Promotion
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