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Cahill, Claire S. – ProQuest LLC, 2013
The present research focuses on the possible relation between observing responses and language acquisition. In the first of three experiments, preschool aged participants with and without disabilities were presented with the opportunity to observe multiple aspects of a stimulus. A Naming experience was created in which the stimulus was presented…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Disabilities, Incidental Learning, Cues
Vervliet, Bram; Iberico, Carlos; Vervoort, Ellen; Baeyens, Frank – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Generalization gradients have been investigated widely in animal conditioning experiments, but much less so in human predictive learning tasks. Here, we apply the experimental design of a recent study on conditioned fear generalization in humans (Lissek et al., 2008) to a predictive learning task, and examine the effects of a number of relevant…
Descriptors: Animals, Research Design, Testing, Conditioning
Cowie, Sarah; Davison, Michael; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2011
It has long been understood that food deliveries may act as signals of future food location, and not only as strengtheners of prefood responding as the law of effect suggests. Recent research has taken this idea further--the main effect of food deliveries, or other "reinforcers", may be signaling rather than strengthening. The present experiment…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Stimuli, Reinforcement, Animals
Williams, Douglas A.; Lussier, April L. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Two experiments examined temporally based changes in the conditioned magazine-entries of rats when a target food pellet arrived at a fixed time before the termination of a conditioned stimulus. Both experiments found that increasing the rate of intertrial pellets systematically interfered with the rate of acquisition. When intertrial pellets were…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Cognitive Development, Animals, Conditioning
Stagner, Jessica P.; Laude, Jennifer R.; Zentall, Thomas R. – Learning and Motivation, 2011
When pigeons are given a choice between two alternatives, one leading to a stimulus 20% of the time that always signals reinforcement (S+) or another stimulus 80% of the time that signals no reinforcement (S-), and the other alternative leading to one of two stimuli each signaling reinforcement 50% of the time, they show a strong preference for…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Probability, Stimuli
Rodriguez, Gabriel; Alonso, Gumersinda – Learning and Motivation, 2011
Three conditioned suppression experiments examined the Hall-Pearce (1979) negative transfer effect in rats. Experiment 1 replicated the effect: CS-US[subscript weak] pairings retarded subsequent fear conditioning to the CS as a result of CS-US[subscript strong] pairings. The size of this retardation was less than that produced by non-reinforced CS…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Inhibition, Animals, Experiments
Cole, Sindy; Richardson, Rick; McNally, Gavan P. – Learning & Memory, 2011
Six experiments used a within-subjects renewal design to examine the involvement of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in regulating the expression and recovery of extinguished fear. Rats were trained to fear a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) via pairings with foot shock in a distinctive context (A). This was followed by extinction training of the CS in…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Conditioning, Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Schmidt, Jonathan D.; Shanholtzer, Alison; Mezhoudi, Nabil; Scherbak, Bailey; Kahng, SungWoo – Education and Treatment of Children, 2014
Brief experimental analysis (BEA) is a useful tool for quickly evaluating intervention strategies for individuals with academic deficits and minor behavior problems. However, there is a lack of research investigating BEA for intervention strategies with individuals who emit severe problem behavior to avoid academic demands. For the current study,…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Intervention, Academic Ability, Mental Retardation
Christensen, Darren R.; Grace, Randolph C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2010
Grace and McLean (2006) proposed a decision model for acquisition of choice in concurrent chains which assumes that after reinforcement in a terminal link, subjects make a discrimination whether the preceding reinforcer delay was short or long relative to a criterion. Their model was subsequently extended by Christensen and Grace (2008, 2009a,…
Descriptors: Selection, Decision Making, Models, Conditioning
Effting, Marieke; Vervliet, Bram; Kindt, Merel – Learning and Motivation, 2010
Using a conditioned suppression task, two experiments examined retrospective revaluation effects after serial compound training in a release from overshadowing design. In Experiment 1, serial X [right arrow] A+ training produced suppression to target A, which was enhanced when preceded by feature X, whereas X by itself elicited no suppression.…
Descriptors: Experiments, Task Analysis, Evaluation Methods, Cues
Lieberman, David A. – Cambridge University Press, 2012
This innovative textbook is the first to integrate learning and memory, behaviour, and cognition. It focuses on fascinating human research in both memory and learning (while also bringing in important animal studies) and brings the reader up to date with the latest developments in the subject. Students are encouraged to think critically: key…
Descriptors: Memory, Learning Processes, Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement
Navarick, Douglas J. – Psychological Record, 2012
In Milgram's (1963, 1965a, 1965b, 1974/2004) experiments on destructive obedience, an authority figure repeatedly ordered a resistant participant to deliver what seemed to be increasingly painful shocks to a confederate victim who demanded to be released. A three- stage behavioral model (aversive conditioning of contextual stimuli, emergence of a…
Descriptors: Parent Child Relationship, Jews, Foreign Countries, Victims
Walker, Jennifer M.; Ramsey, Ashley K.; Fowler, Stephanie W.; Schachtman, Todd R. – Psychological Record, 2012
Previous research has found that swim stress during a classical conditioning trial attenuates conditioned taste aversion (CTA). In the current study, rats were used to examine the effects of inescapable swim stress on the habituation of neophobia to a flavored solution and reacquisition of an extinguished conditioned taste aversion. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research
Hutter, Mandy; Sweldens, Steven; Stahl, Christoph; Unkelbach, Christian; Klauer, Karl Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012
Whether human evaluative conditioning can occur without contingency awareness has been the subject of an intense and ongoing debate for decades, troubled by a wide array of methodological difficulties. Following recent methodological innovations, the available evidence currently points to the conclusion that evaluative conditioning effects do not…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Evaluation, Contingency Management, Association (Psychology)
Podlesnik, Christopher A.; Bai, John Y. H.; Elliffe, Douglas – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Reinforcing an alternative response in the same context as a target response reduces the rate of occurrence but increases the persistence of that target response. Applied researchers who use such techniques to decrease the rate of a target problem behavior risk inadvertently increasing the persistence of the same problem behavior. Behavioral…
Descriptors: Persistence, Behavior Problems, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning