Pairing a novel flavor with illness results in the conditioning of aversions to that flavor. This article reported a series of experiments examining the effect of several parameters of prior exposure to the illness on the acquisition of learned taste aversions. (Author/RK)

Does similarity in the location and temporal intensity pattern of the CS and UCS permit more rapid conditioning despite the presence of stimulus pairings in all groups? The following experiments attempt to assess the role of such factors in determining the rate of acquisition of a conditioned emotional response. (Author)

Presents the idea that social systems evolve to increase the genetic fitness of individuals in specific environments. Cites examples of animal behavior and environmental influences that may indicate why different social systems have evolved. (GS)

Recent work has shown that unpredictable and/or uncontrollable events can produce a variety of cognitive, affective, and somatic disturbances to the organism. These disturbances are compared to and found to be quite similar to the symptoms of the classic cases of experimental neurosis described by Pavlov, Gantt, Liddell, Masserman, and Wolpe.…

Results showed that, although adult male monkeys are less active and more stable in their behavioral levels than mates or offspring, they clearly distribute both initiates and responses differently to male offspring, female offspring, mates and infant and adult monkeys from other families. Implications for human father-infant interaction are…

This article reviews the literature and presents data on sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation of the rat pup and the preterm neonate. (PCB)

Eight stump-tailed macaques were reared individually and either given all of their daily social experience in darkness or given half in the dark and half in the light. Results suggest that vision is especially important in the maintenance of assertive behaviors and in the instigation and direction of aggressive behaviors. (Author/RH)

The small, uneaten, slate-gray, pointed-nose animal that is distasteful to the cat because of foul-tasting scent glands is the shrew. Describes the short-tailed shrew's physical characteristics, lifespan, habitat, eating habits, and senses. (ERB)

Suggests using crickets for classroom activities, providing background information on their anatomy and reproduction and tips on keeping individual organisms or a breeding colony in the classroom. (JN)

Students debating in a controversial scientific issue were asked to defend the position opposite to that which they initially held. The technique produced much student involvement and exposed students to the professional literature. (AL)

A nontechnical summary of the connection between malnutrition and intelligence, reports the findings of experimental research in animals and in human subjects. (MF)

Raccoons are a successful group of animals because they are able to defend themselves and they have characteristics which give them a remarkable ability to adjust or adapt. The raising of captured baby raccoons can cause survival problems for the animals. (CM)