UK depression prevalence is increasing. In this study we appraised the relationships between psychological factors of derailment, self-criticism, self-reassurance and depression, to identify individual differences within the UK general population indicating those at higher risk. Participants completed self-report measures regarding these…

Background: Youth with intellectual disabilities experiencing homelessness are invisible within multiple service sectors. We know little about their experiences of homelessness, or the impacts of such on the social and physical health and well-being. Methods: We used quantitative and qualitative methods to measure prevalence and learn from key…

Reservation-dwelling American Indian adolescents are at exceedingly high risk for cannabis use. Prevention initiatives to delay the onset and escalation of use are needed. The risk and promotive factors approach to substance use prevention is a well-established framework for identifying the timing and targets for prevention initiatives. This study…

Play of younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (siblings; n = 44), very preterm children (preterms; n = 44), and children at typical likelihood for ASD (n = 36) was observed at 24 months. Children with ASD and atypical development engaged less in spontaneous (pre-)symbolic play than typically developing children. Total…

Social motivation--the psychobiological predisposition for social orienting, seeking social contact, and maintaining social interaction--manifests in early infancy and is hypothesized to be foundational for social communication development in typical and atypical populations. However, the lack of infant social-motivation measures has hindered…

Purpose: This study examined the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on self-perceived hearing and suprathreshold binaural processing in young and middle-age adults. Method: Ninety-three adults with normal hearing (thresholds [less than or equal to] 25 dB HL, 250-4000 Hz) participated in one of four groups: 38 young adults, 23 young adults with…

Adolescents from urban communities are at risk for unhealthy snacking behaviors. Youth advocacy interventions are shown to improve certain adolescent health behaviors, such as substance use. However, it remains unclear if youth advocacy is a feasible method to promote healthy snacking. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the feasibility…

Background: Suicidality in individuals with intellectual disability is a critical but under-researched area. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for suicidality among individuals with intellectual disability. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive…

Objective: To examine the association between childhood ADHD and lifestyle risk factors (physical inactivity and high fast-food consumption) from adolescence to early adulthood. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used secondary data from Wave I to III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in a national…

Background: Reducing hospital admissions for people with a learning disability is a key objective of national guidelines. However, there are currently little available data which indicate factors which might reduce the risk of hospital admission. Using a cohort of people at risk of hospital admission, this research sought to explore the…

Polypharmacy is a risk factor for drug interactions (DI). Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at increased risk for polypharmacy and as such increased risk for potential DIs. The objectives of this study were to determine the number of potential DIs present in medication regimens of adults with IDD as well as factors…

The recurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours represent a common threat to the wellbeing and lives of people who attempt suicide. It is not clear whether suicide risk models reflect risk for multiple suicide attempts, especially in high-risk groups. Factors associated with the recurrence of suicidal ideation and attempts was assessed in 82…

Purpose: Infants prenatally exposed to opioids exhibit withdrawal symptomology that introduce physiological noise and can impact newborn hearing screening results. This study compared the referral rate and physiological noise interpreted by number of trials rejected due to artifact on initial newborn hearing screenings of infants with prenatal…

Objective: This study describes beliefs held by college students about cannabis use and examines the association between three specific cannabis beliefs and likelihood of use. Participants: 3,720 undergraduate students ages 18 to 25 attending ten colleges in one state. Methods: Data were gathered via online survey. Results: The majority (80%) of…

Auditory selective attention forms an important foundation of children's learning by enabling the prioritisation and encoding of relevant stimuli. It may also influence reading development, which relies on metalinguistic skills including the awareness of the sound structure of spoken language. Reports of attentional impairments and speech…