This study investigated the influence of knowledge of conservation on recall of an event by 4- to 7-year-old children. Changes in recall over time were found to follow an inconsistent pattern and seemed to be unrelated to changes in the subject's stage of development. (Author/JMB)

A total of 12 elementary school children participated in a study on the effect of percentage in variable amounts of reinforcement under several variable interval schedules. (MS)

The experiment employed four sex-pair combinations, three age groups, and two pretraining manipulations in an effort to evaluate the following predictions with respect to altruism and rivalry: (1) Cooperation pretraining was expected to increase altruism compared with no pretraining, (2) females were expected to be more responsive to the…

Boys and girls in second and fourth grades were presented with a two-choice simultaneous form discrimination. The forms were five or ten-sided and symmetrical or asymmetrical. Boys performed better than girls and older children were more accurate than younger ones. (MS)

The effect of test content and context on the anxiety-intelligence relationship was investigated in a group-administration of an intelligence measure presumably free of anxiety-provoking cues, comprehension of cartoons and several conventional intelligence and achievement measures. Subjects were 177 boys and girls in grades 4 to 6. (MS)

Provides performance criteria for creating accessibility for and integration of children of all abilities within school playgrounds. Included are recommendations for accessible route designs; play equipment; sand and water play; gathering places and outdoor classrooms; entrances and signage; and fences, enclosures, and barriers. Proposed changes…

Presents case study data of low- and high-achieving nine-year olds focusing on construction and analogical transfer of mathematical knowledge during novel problem solving, as reflected in strategies for dealing with isomorphic combinatorial problems presented in hands-on and written form. Results showed that achievement level does not predict…

Reports three experiments that show that anxiety effects were prominent in two-column addition problems, especially those involving carrying. Elaborates a theory of mathematics anxiety. Contains 50 references. (SKS)

A study conjectured that individuals make mental models of events when they reason from premises involving temporal relations. Several experiments using school children and university students as subjects found that problems that required one mental model elicited more correct responses than problems that required multiple mental models. (BC)

First through fourth graders and adults judged the effect of two forces pulling simultaneously at one object by predicting the direction of the resultant force. Found that children took into account either the direction or the amount of both forces and that performance improved with age. (BC)

Collected drawings from schooled and unschooled 10- to 15-year olds in a remote region of Papua New Guinea. Found that children attending school drew only human figures. Unschooled children produced a range of drawings from scribbles through transitional forms to human figures. Some children appeared to be able to draw human figures without going…

Assesses Greek primary school children's understanding of sun exposure during summer vacation. Results indicate that children know the damaging effects of long time exposure and the precautions that should be taken during summer bathing. (Author/SOE)

Discusses the use of both formal and informal reading assessment to help teachers tailor reading instruction to students' specific needs. Includes criteria for determining the effectiveness of reading assessment. (PKP)