Delineates arguments for and against oral reading instruction in developmental reading programs. The need for systematic research into the effects and potential benefits of various forms of oral reading instruction is stressed. (CM)

Two informal explorations attempt to assess the relationship between the number of reasons elementary school children offer to support their social diversions and the comprehensiveness of the children's thinking patterns. Subjects are 30 fifth graders in study 1 and 23 second graders in study 2. (Author/CM)

Focuses on concept development as a major intellectual activity for elementary school children, and offers a structural sequence for teaching concepts which (1) involves children's experiences, (2) places the concept in a social, cultural, and historical context, and (3) treats the concept as complex and problematic rather than simple. (Author/CM)

Concludes that the amount of time children and adults spend viewing television has little to do with their perceptions of violence. (FL)

Two hundred and sixty-six kindergarten, first, second, and third graders completed four tasks measuring their understanding of two aspects of number concepts -- ordinality and cardinality. Data suggest that children acquire understanding of ordinality prior to cardinality. (Author/MP)

Outlines a test wiseness program for elementary school students and presents guidelines for its implementation. The program is designed to help children overcome test anxiety and develop study skills to improve performance on standardized tests. Topics include understanding directions and wise use of time. (JAC)

Third- and fifth-grade children's abilities to make inferences in the context of reading and understanding a lengthy story were examined. The most critical result was that the younger, but not the older children, made fewer inferences when the component premises for an inference were located in separate paragraphs than when they occurred in the…

Examines the effects of goal structures in relation to the task performance of 141 third-grade children randomly assigned to 47 same-sex triads. (Author/CM)

Tests semantic integration and frequency tally models of memory among 60 first-, third-, and fifth-grade children. Data from third and fifth graders show different patterns of results for regular and anomalous stories. The true-inference error rate was significantly greater than the error rates for false premise and false-inference sentences in…

Seventh-grade children participated under two successive incentive conditions (self-prize and other prize) in a study of transgression behavior in a temptation task in which children were alternately offered a self-gratifying and an altruisitic incentive for successful performance. Most subjects behaved consistently across the incentive…

Nine experimental conditions were partitioned into three experimental designs. A total of 576 children, drawn in equal numbers from kindergarten, second, fourth and sixth grades, memorized a 32-pair list of common nouns by the study-test recognition procedure. Among the results, in the storage phase of task performance an increasing superiority of…

Elementary school students (N=144) determined which set of pictures looked to them the way a set of blocks looked to a second observer from different perspectives. Results indicated that correct spatial judgments were facilitated when a landmark was present. (Author/DB)

A detailed investigation of short-term memory storage, long-term memory storage and semantic memory associated with developmental dyslexia is reported. Fifty-one dyslexic and 28 control children (ages 8-14) were tested and specific deficits in each area were identified among the dyslexic children. (Author/SJL)