The 1985 National School Population Fitness Survey found that girls aged 6 to 17 generally scored lower than boys on all test items except flexibility. Possible reasons are physiological factors, lack of opportunity, and psychological barriers. Changes in the law affecting women's athletic programs are reviewed. (MT)

A major source of the controversy over Title IX and athletics is the meaning of equality, which may be measured in terms of opportunities, procedures, or results. Problems with coed teams, spending, intramural sports, spectator-oriented sports, quotas, scholarship policy, and recruiting are discussed. (LBH)

In 2002, the U.S. Department of Education established the Commission on Opportunity in Athletics to collect information, analyze issues, and obtain public input related to improving the application of current standards for measuring equal opportunity for boys and girls to participate in athletics under Title IX. The National Coalition of Woman and…

Differences in achievement motivation and sex-role orientation between female athletes and nonathletes were assessed using Mehrabian's Scale of Achieving Tendency and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Athletes exhibited higher achievement motivation. Also, high achievement motivation was related to androgynous and masculine sex roles. (Author/CM)

Argues that the general language of the Title IX statute, together with certain specific features of it, strongly suggests that the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare should develop more stringent and demanding regulations based on social policy considerations concerning sex discrimination in intercollegiate sports. Available from Yale…

This survey report focuses on sex differences in response to 11 attitude items concerning the female opportunity structure in sport, females in traditionally male sports, and sex role socialization in relation to sport. On all items, females were more accepting of women in sports than males were. (Author/SJL)

News items from issues of the "Journal of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation" are given from 1830 through the present year. (LH)

This study of male and female high school athletes supports the contention that males, but not females, who participate heavily in athletics do not develop the academic skills necessary for later success in college. (PBS)

While recreational programming on college campuses once emphasized extramural athletics, the trend is now toward broader participation in many sports by both men and women in intramural activities. (JD)

Extends past integrative reviews about women's leisure to include emerging research trends and outcomes, analyzing research articles from 1996-00 in selected major research journals of English speaking countries. Dialogical issues surfaced related to the inward examination of how research needs to move toward an examination of ideologies that…

Discusses a Title IX action brought against Rhode Island's Brown University as a result of the university's demotion of two women's varsity teams to unfunded status. Reports that the court rejected Brown's argument that women are less interested in sports than men, ordering it to comply with the law. (AJL)

To compensate for differences between men and women, modifications were made in the physical training program at the U.S. Naval Academy. It was soon discovered that athletic women were more successful than nonathletes because they possess the stamina, strength, and self-discipline to survive the tough, uncompromising physical environment. (SM)

This article is excerpted from a speech by co-founder of Women's Sports Foundation. Sports is a vital part of our socialization process. The level and quality of participation contributes to such diverse issues as girls' mathematical ability, sense of isolation, and self-esteem. (IAH)

Examines the influence of significant others on continuing involvement in sport by 376 female Canadian secondary school students. Finds that the socializing influence of parents and peers accounted for 11 percent of the variance in intramural activity, 20 percent of the variance in interschool sport, and 10 percent of the variance in…