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Glaser, Tina; Walther, Eva – Learning and Motivation, 2012
In evaluative conditioning (EC), the pairing of a positively or negatively valenced stimulus (US) with another neutral stimulus (CS) leads to a corresponding change in liking of the CS. EC research so far has concentrated on using unambiguously positive or negative USs. However, attitude objects often possess multiple features that can be positive…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Evaluation, Stimuli, Research
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Nett, Nadine; Bröder, Arndt; Frings, Christian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
According to distractor-based response retrieval (Frings, Rothermund, & Wentura, 2007), irrelevant information will be integrated with the response to the relevant stimuli and further, the immediate repetition of irrelevant information can retrieve the previously executed response thereby influencing responding to the current target (leading…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Experimental Psychology, Responses, Hypothesis Testing
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Lerman, Dorothea C.; Hawkins, Lynn; Hillman, Conrad; Shireman, Molly; Nissen, Melissa A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2015
Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who were interested in working as behavior technicians for young children with autism, participated in 2 experiments. Participants included 5 adults with Asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, 19 to 23 years old, and 11 children with autism, 3 to 7 years old. In…
Descriptors: Adults, Young Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
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Bedecarrats, Alexis; Cornet, Charles; Simmers, John; Nargeot, Romuald – Learning & Memory, 2013
Feeding in "Aplysia" provides an amenable model system for analyzing the neuronal substrates of motivated behavior and its adaptability by associative reward learning and neuromodulation. Among such learning processes, appetitive operant conditioning that leads to a compulsive-like expression of feeding actions is known to be associated…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Eating Habits, Associative Learning
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Sundberg, Mark L. – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2013
Skinner discussed the topic of motivation in every chapter of the book "Verbal Behavior" (1957), usually with his preferred terminology of ''deprivation, satiation, and aversive stimulation.'' In the current paper, direct quotations are used to systematically take the reader through 30 separate points made by Skinner…
Descriptors: Books, Motivation, Verbal Communication, Behavior
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Baker, Kathryn D.; McNally, Gavan P.; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2013
Adolescent rats exhibit impaired extinction retention compared to pre-adolescent and adult rats. A single nonreinforced exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS; a retrieval trial) given shortly before extinction has been shown in some circumstances to reduce the recovery of fear after extinction in adult animals. This study investigated whether a…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Animals, Adolescents
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Li, Stella; Richardson, Rick – Learning & Memory, 2013
Recent research shows that while initial learning is dependent on "N"-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDArs), relearning can be NMDAr-independent. In the present study we examined whether this switch also occurs following forgetting. The developing animal exhibits much more rapid rates of forgetting than adults, so infant rats were used. It was…
Descriptors: Memory, Animals, Fear, Novels
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Anderson, Matthew J.; Burpee, Tara E.; Wall, Matthew J.; McGraw, Justin J. – Psicologica: International Journal of Methodology and Experimental Psychology, 2013
The present study sought to determine whether post-training exposure to a novel or familiar object, encountered in either the location of the original fear conditioning (black compartment of a passive avoidance {PA} chamber) or in a neutral setting (open field where initial object training had occurred) would prove capable of reducing fear at…
Descriptors: Fear, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension), Conditioning, Coping
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Fuchs, Jason R.; Robinson, Gain M.; Dean, Aaron M.; Schoenberg, Heidi E.; Williams, Michael R.; Morielli, Anthony D.; Green, John T. – Learning & Memory, 2014
We have previously shown that intracerebellar infusion of the neuropeptide secretin enhances the acquisition phase of eyeblink conditioning (EBC). Here, we sought to test whether endogenous secretin also regulates EBC and to test whether the effect of exogenous and endogenous secretin is specific to acquisition. In Experiment 1, rats received…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Animals, Behavioral Science Research
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Marter, Kathrin; Grauel, M. Katharina; Lewa, Carmen; Morgenstern, Laura; Buckemüller, Christina; Heufelder, Karin; Ganz, Marion; Eisenhardt, Dorothea – Learning & Memory, 2014
This study examines the role of stimulus duration in learning and memory formation of honeybees ("Apis mellifera"). In classical appetitive conditioning honeybees learn the association between an initially neutral, conditioned stimulus (CS) and the occurrence of a meaningful stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US). Thereby the CS…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Memory, Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning
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Dounavi, Katerina – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2014
The current study involved an evaluation of the emergence of untrained verbal relations as a function of 3 different foreign-language teaching strategies. Two Spanish-speaking adults received foreign-language (English) tact training and native-to-foreign and foreign-to-native intraverbal training. Tact training and native-to-foreign intraverbal…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Spanish Speaking, Teaching Methods
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Matsumoto, Yukihisa; Sandoz, Jean-Christophe; Devaud, Jean-Marc; Lormant, Flore; Mizunami, Makoto; Giurfa, Martin – Learning & Memory, 2014
Memory is a dynamic process that allows encoding, storage, and retrieval of information acquired through individual experience. In the honeybee "Apis mellifera," olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) has shown that besides short-term memory (STM) and mid-term memory (MTM), two phases of long-term memory (LTM)…
Descriptors: Animals, Olfactory Perception, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory
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Andreatta, Marta; Fendt, Markus; Muhlberger, Andreas; Wieser, Matthias J.; Imobersteg, Stefan; Yarali, Ayse; Gerber, Bertram; Pauli, Paul – Learning & Memory, 2012
Two things are worth remembering about an aversive event: What made it happen? What made it cease? If a stimulus precedes an aversive event, it becomes a signal for threat and will later elicit behavior indicating conditioned fear. However, if the stimulus is presented upon cessation of the aversive event, it elicits behavior indicating…
Descriptors: Memory, Fear, Rewards, Stimuli
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Machado, Armando; Tonneau, Francois – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Barba's (2012) article deftly weaves three main themes in one argument about operant variability. From general theoretical considerations on operant behavior (Catania, 1973), Barba derives methodological guidelines about response differentiation and applies them to the study of operant variability. In the process, he uncovers unnoticed features of…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Probability, Stereotypes
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Zanon, Riccardo; De Houwer, Jan; Gast, Anne – Learning and Motivation, 2012
Propositional models of evaluative conditioning postulate that the impact of stimulus pairings on liking should depend not on the pairings themselves but on what the pairings imply about the relation between stimuli. Hence, context manipulations that change the implications of stimulus pairings should moderate evaluative conditioning. We…
Descriptors: Cues, Conditioning, Models, Evaluation
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