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Smethells, John R.; Fox, Andrew T.; Andrews, Jennifer J.; Reilly, Mark P. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Three experiments investigated the effects of immediate and delayed postsession feeding on progressive-ratio and variable-interval schedule performance in rats. During Experiments 1 and 2, immediate postsession feeding decreased the breakpoint, or largest completed ratio, under progressive-ratio schedules. Experiment 3 was conducted to extend the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Food, Animals, Operant Conditioning
Beeman, Christopher L.; Bauer, Philip S.; Pierson, Jamie L.; Quinn, Jennifer J. – Learning & Memory, 2013
Previous work has shown that damage to the dorsal hippocampus (DH) occurring at recent, but not remote, timepoints following acquisition produces a deficit in trace conditioned fear memory expression. The opposite pattern has been observed with lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The present studies address: (1) whether these lesion…
Descriptors: Fear, Memory, Brain, Neurological Impairments
Haufler, Darrell; Nagy, Frank Z.; Pare, Denis – Learning & Memory, 2013
Lesion and inactivation studies indicate that the central amygdala (CeA) participates in the expression of cued and contextual fear, whereas the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is only involved in the latter. The basis for this functional dissociation is unclear because CeA and BNST form similar connections with the amygdala and…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cues, Animals
Kim, Dongbeom; Pare, Denis; Nair, Satish S. – Learning & Memory, 2013
The relative contributions of plasticity in the amygdala vs. its afferent pathways to conditioned fear remain controversial. Some believe that thalamic and cortical neurons transmitting information about the conditioned stimulus (CS) to the lateral amygdala (LA) serve a relay function. Others maintain that thalamic and/or cortical plasticity is…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Conditioning, Models
Perez, Margot; Rolland, Uther; Giurfa,, Martin; d'Ettorre, Patrizia – Learning & Memory, 2013
Social insects possess remarkable learning capabilities, which are crucial for their ecological success. They also exhibit interindividual differences in responsiveness to environmental stimuli, which underlie task specialization and division of labor. Here we investigated for the first time the relationships between sucrose responsiveness,…
Descriptors: Entomology, Responses, Olfactory Perception, Behavior
Sakai, Takaomi; Sato, Shoma; Ishimoto, Hiroshi; Kitamoto, Toshihiro – Learning & Memory, 2013
Considerable evidence has demonstrated that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play vital roles in sensory neurons, mediating responses to various environmental stimuli. In contrast, relatively little is known about how TRP channels exert their effects in the central nervous system to control complex behaviors. This is also true for the…
Descriptors: Neurological Organization, Brain, Pain, Stimuli
Kodak, Tiffany; Clements, Andrea; Paden, Amber R.; LeBlanc, Brittany; Mintz, Joslyn; Toussaint, Karen A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2015
The current investigation evaluated repertoires that may be related to performance on auditory-to-visual conditional discrimination training with 9 students who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The skills included in the assessment were matching, imitation, scanning, an auditory discrimination, and a visual discrimination. The…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Auditory Discrimination
Brown, Kevin L.; Freeman, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Eyeblink conditioning is a well-established model for studying the developmental neurobiology of associative learning and memory. However, age differences in extinction and subsequent reacquisition have yet to be studied using this model. The present study examined extinction and reacquisition of eyeblink conditioning in developing rats. In…
Descriptors: Animals, Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Associative Learning
Kwon, Jeong-Tae; Nakajima, Ryuichi; Hyung-Su, Kim; Jeong, Yire; Augustine, George J.; Han, Jin-Hee – Learning & Memory, 2014
In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the lateral amygdala (LA) has been highlighted as a key brain site for association between sensory cues and aversive stimuli. However, learning-related changes are also found in upstream sensory regions such as thalamus and cortex. To isolate the essential neural circuit components for fear memory association, we…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Sensory Experience, Cues
Gupta-Agarwal, Swati; Jarome, Timothy J.; Fernandez, Jordan; Lubin, Farah D. – Learning & Memory, 2014
It is well established that fear memory formation requires de novo gene transcription in the amygdala. We provide evidence that epigenetic mechanisms in the form of histone lysine methylation in the lateral amygdala (LA) are regulated by NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling and involved in gene transcription changes necessary for fear memory…
Descriptors: Memory, Genetics, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization
Nelson, Andrew J. D.; Hindley, Emma L.; Haddon, Josephine E.; Vann, Seralynne D.; Aggleton, John P. – Learning & Memory, 2014
By virtue of its frontal and hippocampal connections, the retrosplenial cortex is uniquely placed to support cognition. Here, we tested whether the retrosplenial cortex is required for frontal tasks analogous to the Stroop Test, i.e., for the ability to select between conflicting responses and inhibit responding to task-irrelevant cues. Rats first…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Ability, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Correlation
Ostvik, Leni; Eikeseth, Svein; Klintwall, Lars – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2012
This study replicated and extended Wright (2006) and Whitehurst, Ironsmith, and Goldfein (1974) by examining whether preschool aged children would increase their use of passive grammatical voice rather than using the more age-appropriate active grammatical construction when the former was modeled by an adult. Results showed that 5 of the 6…
Descriptors: Grammar, Verbal Stimuli, Positive Reinforcement, Verbs
Fernandez, Vanesa M.; Giurfa, Martin; Devaud, Jean-Marc; Farina, Walter M. – Learning & Memory, 2012
Latent inhibition (LI) is a decrement in learning performance that results from the nonreinforced pre-exposure of the to-be-conditioned stimulus, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, LI development involves dopamine and serotonin; in invertebrates there is yet no information. We studied differential olfactory conditioning of the…
Descriptors: Entomology, Inhibition, Learning, Olfactory Perception
Barba, Lourenco de Souza – Behavior Analyst, 2012
Some researchers claim that variability is an operant dimension of behavior. The present paper reviews the concept of operant behavior and emphasizes that differentiation is the behavioral process that demonstrates an operant relation. Differentiation is conceived as change in the overlap between two probability distributions: the distribution of…
Descriptors: Probability, Reinforcement, Operant Conditioning, Animals
Urcuioli, Peter J.; Swisher, Melissa – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2012
Three experiments evaluated whether the apparent reflexivity effect reported by Sweeney and Urcuioli (2010) for pigeons might, in fact, be transitivity. In Experiment 1, pigeons learned symmetrically reinforced hue-form (A-B) and form-hue (B-A) successive matching. Those also trained on form-form (B-B) matching responded more to hue comparisons…
Descriptors: Animals, Reinforcement, Conditioning, Responses