Imaging is creating a material picture in the mind that a person can scan as he or she would scan a real current event in the environment. The concept of imaging offers a way of explaining intrapersonal communication, the process of talking to oneself. Imaging also offers a useful way of looking at the role of language in intrapersonal…

When a person encounters a problem, the character, form, and content of his or her response provides psychologists with useful and interesting information about processes of challenge and their relationship to intellectual development. In essence, challenge is a developing relationship that is defined on the one hand by objective factors (a person…

This paper describes an experiment in using the "scenario," a concept parallel to that of the case study, as a research tool for obtaining information about possible sex discrimination in personnel decisions by high school principals in South Australia. A review of the literature indicated that in spite of legislation aimed at…

The focus of this booklet is on the use of simulations in secondary school writing classes. After guiding the teacher through five key questions that need to be addressed in the planning and carrying through of each simulation, the booklet presents four simulations. Varying from simple to complex demands, the booklet's simulations include the…

Educators are always dealing with subcultures, whether or not they are labeled as such. The distinguishing elements of a subculture are the values behind observable cultural traits. Each person belongs to one or more subcultures, and the values ascribed either by the subculture to itself or by the greater culture to that subset have continual…

This study investigated the effects on group performance of both the promotion origin of new leaders (from within the group or brought in from the outside) and the reassignment of the former leader (either remaining with or leaving the group). Using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) moon survival exercise, same-sex groups of…

The validity of six instruments designed to assess counselor effectiveness was studied. Four videotaped counselor role conditions were created. Participants, 160 undergraduates at the University of Cincinnati (Ohio), were asked to rate the counselors using each of the six commonly used instruments. Three were drawn from social influence theory:…

The use of video recording and role playing are considered as instructional methodologies to support school discipline management systems, foster the positive self-concepts of students, and improve school achievement. Research in the following fields is detailed: (1) interventions intended to maintain school discipline and improve classroom…

A training program is described that was developed to improve administrators' supervisory skills in conducting classroom observations and conferences with teachers. The program includes training in the seven phases of clinical supervision and their respective skill components, including an understanding of the six forces that affect conferences.…

This research project analyzed the manifest and hidden curriculum of a sixth-grade writing project to determine how it transmitted societal values. Entitled "Right is Write", the writing project was a simulation game in which students played roles of writers, agents, editors, and publishers interacting to produce, evaluate, buy, and sell…

Methods for preparing and conducting a simulation game that teaches the practical aspects of lobbying to high school students are provided. A prerequisite to the game is that students have learned the theoretical concepts of lobbying. "Lobbying" can be played in three class sessions if materials are distributed and roles assigned before the first…

An adventure game is a role-playing game that usually, but not always, has some fantasy aspect. The role-playing aspect is the key element because players become personally involved when they assume a role, and defeat becomes personal and less acceptable than in other types of games. Computer-based role-playing games are extremely popular because…

The materials included in this booklet are designed for use by participants in Application Sessions A and B for Community Groups working with elementary-secondary schools. These materials are initial drafts prepared for field testing only. They are not the final products to be delivered at the completion of the project. The materials are organized…

This manual, with accompanying facilitator's guide, presents a program for drug education designed for use by groups of families led by volunteer facilitators. The program offers an approach toward building better communications and understanding among family members. The program consists of six group sessions based on learning experiences…

A modified Solomon design was employed to study the effects of a school psychology simulation package on the enacted and written response of a group of school psychology preservice students. Results suggest that simulation as an integral part of a school psychology training program is an effective method of instruction. (Author)