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Zarcone, Troy J.; Chen, Rong; Fowler, Stephen C. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The effect of force requirements on response effort was examined using outbred (CD-1) mice trained to press a disk with their snout. Lateral peak forces greater than 2 g were defined as threshold responses (i.e., all measured responses). Different force requirements were used to define criterion responses (a subclass of threshold responses) that…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Animals, Responses, Animal Behavior
Sargisson, Rebecca J.; McLean, Ian G.; Brown, Glenn S.; White, K. Geoffrey – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The weights of 5 pigeons with free access to food, monitored over 3 calendar years in the laboratory, were found to fluctuate with season. All pigeons were at their heaviest in the winter and were lightest in the summer. Five different pigeons performed a standard delayed matching-to-sample task for 44 weeks from January to November. Their weights…
Descriptors: Body Weight, Animals, Animal Behavior, Food
Aoyama, Kenjiro – Learning and Motivation, 2007
This study tested the effects of post-session wheel running on within-session changes in operant responding. Lever-pressing by six rats was reinforced by a food pellet under a continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedule in 30-min sessions. Two different flavored food pellets were used as reinforcers. In the wheel conditions, 30-min operant-sessions…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement
Ashbrook, Peggy – Science and Children, 2007
Children can have a new favorite animal every week or even every hour. The more familiar the children become with an animal, the more they will be able to understand how its body form and behavior allow it to survive. Learning about the characteristics of organisms and how organisms relate to their environment is part of the National Science…
Descriptors: Animals, Science Instruction, Environmental Influences, Animal Behavior
Bruce, Katherine E.; Horan, Jennifer E.; Kelley, Patricia H.; Galizio, Mark – Journal of Effective Teaching, 2009
Experiential learning can be an effective way to teach many concepts, and evolution is no exception. We describe the pedagogical techniques, class structure and learning objectives, travel logistics, and impact of three undergraduate honors-level experiential learning seminars that combined teaching topics related to evolution with a field trip to…
Descriptors: Experiential Learning, Evolution, Teaching Methods, Educational Objectives
Barrett, James E. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
The contributions of Joseph V. Brady to behavioral pharmacology span more than 50 years and range from early studies using the Estes-Skinner ("conditioned emotional response") procedure to examine drug effects and various physiological processes in experimental animals to the implementation of mobile methadone treatment services and to small group…
Descriptors: Pharmacology, Drug Therapy, Behavior Modification, Physiology
Shtulman, Andrew; Schulz, Laura – Cognitive Science, 2008
Historians of science have pointed to essentialist beliefs about species as major impediments to the discovery of natural selection. The present study investigated whether such beliefs are impediments to learning this concept as well. Participants (43 children aged 4-9 and 34 adults) were asked to judge the variability of various behavioral and…
Descriptors: Evolution, Student Attitudes, Historians, Children
Pineno, Oskar; Zilski, Jessica M.; Schachtman, Todd R. – Learning and Motivation, 2007
Two conditioned taste aversion experiments with rats were conducted to establish if a target taste that had received a prior pairing with illness could be subject to second-order conditioning during extinction treatment in compound with a flavor that also received prior conditioning. In these experiments, the occurrence of second-order…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Associative Learning, Animals, Animal Behavior
Kolata, Stefan; Light, Kenneth; Grossman, Henya C.; Hale, Gregory; Matzel, Louis D. – Learning & Memory, 2007
A single factor (i.e., general intelligence) can account for much of an individuals' performance across a wide variety of cognitive tests. However, despite this factor's robustness, the underlying process is still a matter of debate. To address this question, we developed a novel battery of learning tasks to assess the general learning abilities…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Cognitive Ability, Short Term Memory, Attention
Bonardi, Charlotte – Learning and Motivation, 2007
In Experiment 1, rats were trained on a discrimination in which one occasion setter, A, signaled that one cue (conditioned stimulus, CS), x, would be followed by one outcome, p (unconditioned stimulus, US), and a second CS, y, by a different outcome, q (x [right arrow] p and y [right arrow] q); a second occasion setter, B signalled the reverse…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Experiments, Animals, Animal Behavior
Call, Josep – Cognition, 2007
Four bonobos, seven gorillas, and six orangutans were presented with two small rectangular boards on a platform. One of the boards had a piece of food under it so that it acquired an inclined orientation whereas the other remained flat on the platform. Subjects preferentially selected the inclined board. In another experiment, subjects were…
Descriptors: Rewards, Inferences, Animals, Primatology
Plowright, C. M. S.; Simonds, V. M.; Butler, M. A. – Learning and Motivation, 2006
Two experiments examined the exploratory behaviour of flower-naive bumblebees. Bees were tested four times in a 12-arm radial arm maze in which they never received reward. Patterned and unpatterned stimuli were presented at the end of each corridor and the choices of the bees were recorded. We examined the effects of two variables, time and the…
Descriptors: Habituation, Entomology, Animal Behavior, Visual Stimuli
Davison, Michael; Krageloh, Christian U.; Fraser, Mhoyra; Breier, Bernhard H. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Two groups of 10 male rats were trained to nose poke for food pellets at four alternatives that provided differing rates of pellet delivery on aperiodic schedules. After a fixed number of pellets had been delivered, 5, 10 or 20 in different conditions of the experiment, a 10-s blackout occurred, and the locations of the differing rates of pellet…
Descriptors: Pregnancy, Computation, Nutrition, Mothers
Ludvig, Elliot A.; Conover, Kent; Shizgal, Peter – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The relation between reinforcer magnitude and timing behavior was studied using a peak procedure. Four rats received multiple consecutive sessions with both low and high levels of brain stimulation reward (BSR). Rats paused longer and had later start times during sessions when their responses were reinforced with low-magnitude BSR. When estimated…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Animals, Animal Behavior, Brain
Madden, Gregory J.; Smith, Nathaniel G.; Brewer, Adam T.; Pinkston, Jonathan W.; Johnson, Patrick S. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Previous research has shown that Lewis rats make more impulsive choices than Fischer 344 rats. Such strain-related differences in choice are important as they may provide an avenue for exploring genetic and neurochemical contributions to impulsive choice. The present systematic replication was designed to determine if these findings could be…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Individual Characteristics, Animals, Animal Behavior