The poverty rate in America has increased during the Reagan Administration. Real welfare benefits have fallen sharply and people with jobs have been disqualified from government assistance. Using lessons from the public and private sectors, legislators are attempting to change the regulations of public assistance and welfare work programs to…

Mismatch invisible underemployment is defined as a condition in which a person with a given level of education receives less than he/she should in terms of income and prestige. To examine the relationship between mismatch invisible underemployment and male competency and to determine the degree to which mismatch invisible underemployment affects a…

Although the joblessness and underemployment that characterize the labor market status of American youth are worst for Hispanic and Black youth, they also reflect the absence of job opportunities, irrespective of race, in depressed rural areas and urban communities hard hit by sustained high levels of unemployment. In December 1984, teenagers had…

The purpose of the article is to communicate to older persons and representatives of their service organizations some basic information about the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) and how manpower bock grants can benefit unemployed or underemployed persons classified as middle-aged and older workers (those over age 44). (Author/EA)

The project was conducted to find out if there was a need for an adult education program to provide instruction in job-related competencies in the basic skills of reading, writing, math, spelling, and communications for the unemployed and underemployed of Mohave County, Arizona. The report presents the procedures used to identify the persons…

Differences in underemployment, defined as employment below one's actual or potential skill level, were investigated for a stratified random sample of 602 individuals representing an estimated labor force of 410,074 in the Tidewater area. Data were obtained by questionnaire and were analyzed according to occupational level, job attitudes, job…

A survey of the attitudes of migrant farm workers in two upstate New York farm camps revealed that while about two-thirds of them enjoyed farm work, about one-half of them felt that the farm worker had no chance in life and about 60% aspired to earn less than $1000 for the summer's work. In structured, systematic interviews, workers professed few…

An evaluation of the Job Opportunities in the Business Sectors (JOBS) program revealed that JOBS should be continued as a Federally assisted manpower program since it has demonstrated a viable role for business in manpower training. As a result of JOBS disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons have been elevated above poverty income…

This is a report on 18 months of work done in an experimental and demonstration project designed to develop ways to meet in-plant skill needs by upgrading the job skills of entry level (mostly minority group) workers and by improving capacity for better employee-supervisor relationships. Project activity took place in three cities--Newark,…

As the number of unemployed and underemployed college graduates increases, the secondary school system will encounter the following developments: (1) a clash over the early placement of twelfth graders in college; (2) a need to rethink the college-orientation of high school curricula; and (3) a need for more attention to non-college-bound youth.…

This paper explores how schooling reproduces the general class structure of the Ontario workforce, particularly the division between mental and manual labor. Data from a 1984 Ontario survey of self-reported job entry requirements and educational attainments and of the congruence between requirements and attainments are analyzed. (Author/LMO)

A descriptive study of 29 PhD's whose anticipated academic careers have been disrupted by tenure denial, contract termination, or underemployment is discussed. The subjects' assessments of their situations, their problems, and their coping techniques are described. (Author/MLW)

Levitan (Chairman of the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics) and Belous question the usefulness and accuracy of current methods of compiling unemployment statistics. Better measurements of labor market performance are crucial because of the ways such data are used to allocate funds and to form policies for combatting…

Despite its planned, centrally directed economy, Russia has not been able to tailor its university system to its manpower needs. Peculiarities in the Russian system, including the method for planning enrollments, stiff competition for university acceptance, and application regulations, are discussed. (JMD)