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Brown, Travis E.; Lee, Brian R.; Sorg, Barbara A. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Recent research suggests that drug-related memories are reactivated after exposure to environmental cues and may undergo reconsolidation, a process that can strengthen memories. Conversely, reconsolidation may be disrupted by certain pharmacological agents such that the drug-associated memory is weakened. Several studies have demonstrated…
Descriptors: Cues, Cocaine, Animal Behavior, Zoology
Curry, Kristen; Sumrall, William J.; Moore, Jerilou; Daniels, Anniece – Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas, 2008
The authors describe a set of upper-elementary activities that focuses on how animals communicate. The activities describe procedures that students working in groups can use to investigate the topic of animal communication. An initial information sheet, resource list, and grading rubric are provided. The lesson plan was field-tested in an…
Descriptors: Animals, Scoring Rubrics, Group Activities, Elementary School Students
Jordan, Kerry E.; MacLean, Evan L.; Brannon, Elizabeth M. – Cognition, 2008
We report here that monkeys can actively match the number of sounds they hear to the number of shapes they see and present the first evidence that monkeys sum over sounds and sights. In Experiment 1, two monkeys were trained to choose a simultaneous array of 1-9 squares that numerically matched a sample sequence of shapes or sounds. Monkeys…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Critical Thinking, Animals, Animal Behavior
Green, Leonard; Myerson, Joel; Shah, Anuj K.; Estle, Sara J.; Holt, Daniel D. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The current experiment examined whether adjusting-amount and adjusting-delay procedures provide equivalent measures of discounting. Pigeons' discounting on the two procedures was compared using a within-subject yoking technique in which the indifference point (number of pellets or time until reinforcement) obtained with one procedure determined…
Descriptors: Animals, Delay of Gratification, Reinforcement, Rewards
Escobar, Rogelio; Bruner, Carlos A. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
The acquisition of lever pressing by rats and the occurrence of unreinforced presses at a location different from that of the reinforced response were studied using different delays of reinforcement. An experimental chamber containing seven identical adjoining levers was used. Only presses on the central (operative) lever produced food pellets.…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Reinforcement, Intervals, Animals
Gomez, Juan-Carlos – Child Development, 2007
This article presents a tentatively "balanced" view (i.e., midway between lean and rich interpretations) of pointing behavior in infants and apes, based upon the notion of intentional reading of behavior without simultaneous attribution of unobservable mental states. This can account for the complexity of infant pointing without attributing…
Descriptors: Infants, Cognitive Development, Primatology, Nonverbal Communication
Silberberg, Alan; Roma, Peter G.; Huntsberry, Mary E.; Warren-Boulton, Frederick R.; Sakagami, Takayuki; Ruggiero, Angela M.; Suomi, Stephen J. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Chen, Lakshminarayanan, and Santos (2006) claim to show in three choice experiments that monkeys react rationally to price and wealth shocks, but, when faced with gambles, display hallmark, human-like biases that include loss aversion. We present three experiments with monkeys and humans consistent with a reinterpretation of their data that…
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Experimental Psychology
Udell, Monique A. R.; Wynne, C. D. L. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2008
Dogs likely were the first animals to be domesticated and as such have shared a common environment with humans for over ten thousand years. Only recently, however, has this species' behavior been subject to scientific scrutiny. Most of this work has been inspired by research in human cognitive psychology and suggests that in many ways dogs are…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research
Prenatal Choline Availability Alters the Context Sensitivity of Pavlovian Conditioning in Adult Rats
Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Meck, Warren H.; Williams, Christina L. – Learning & Memory, 2008
The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo). Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Prenatal Influences, Learning Processes, Nutrition
Henson, Kate – Science Teacher, 2008
Zoos can provide exciting educational opportunities for students to learn about a wide range of science subject matter. Zoos and similar nonschool sites have the added advantage of getting students out of school and into another environment, demonstrating that science learning can take place anywhere--not only in formal school settings. Through…
Descriptors: Recreational Facilities, Animal Behavior, Ethology, Biology
Moore, Celia L. – European Journal of Developmental Science, 2007
Gilbert Gottlieb's 1991/2007 paper provides a fine example of his creative, experimental approach to behavioral embryology. As this paper shows, he gave the field insight into the role of development in evolution, backed with strong empirical evidence.
Descriptors: Animals, Animal Behavior, Role, Evolution
Davison, Michael; Baum, William M. – Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2007
Five pigeons were trained on a procedure in which seven concurrent variable-interval schedules arranged seven different food-rate ratios in random sequence in each session. Each of these components lasted for 10 response-produced food deliveries, and components were separated by 10-s blackouts. We varied delays to food (signaled by blackout)…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Delay of Gratification, Animals, Animal Behavior
Sandro, Luke; Constible, Juanita M.; Lee, Richard E., Jr. – Science Scope, 2007
In this activity, Namib and Antarctic arthropods are used to illustrate several important biological principles. Among these are the key ideas that form follows function and that the environment drives evolution. In addition, students will discover that the climates of the Namib Desert and the Antarctic Peninsula are similar in several ways, and…
Descriptors: Animal Behavior, Animals, Science Activities, Climate
Cheng, Ken; Shettleworth, Sara J.; Huttenlocher, Janellen; Rieser, John J. – Psychological Bulletin, 2007
Spatial judgments and actions are often based on multiple cues. The authors review a multitude of phenomena on the integration of spatial cues in diverse species to consider how nearly optimally animals combine the cues. Under the banner of Bayesian perception, cues are sometimes combined and weighted in a near optimal fashion. In other instances…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Cues, Bayesian Statistics, Animals
Chathu, Finla; Krishnakumar, Amee; Paulose, Cheramadathikudyil S. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Brain damage due to an episode of hypoxia remains a major problem in infants causing deficit in motor and sensory function. Hypoxia leads to neuronal functional failure, cerebral palsy and neuro-developmental delay with characteristic biochemical and molecular alterations resulting in permanent or transitory neurological sequelae or even death.…
Descriptors: Cerebral Palsy, Field Tests, Neonates, Brain