This paper views communication as the major human survival tool. Any approach which limits or hampers the innate metabolic human ability to adapt, in order to maximize the chances for survival through communication, is thus seen as dangerous. Instead, a methodology is suggested to develop a communication sub-culture, to facilitate individual…

This article argues that QUE-deletion in Montreal French is a syntactic rule, rather than a phonological one, as earlier treatments had claimed. It is divided into five sections: (1) a discussion of why the rule accounting for the alternation of QUE with zero is a deletion, not an insertion rule, (2) a critique of the best known earlier…

This study investigates the extent to which nonstandard forms of written English create for readers stereotypes of the writer's personality. To determine the extent to which nonstandard writing is apparent to speakers of standard and nonstandard English, and to what extent such writing represents a socioeconomic liability for the writer, two…

This article discusses language planning in the People's Republic of China, and opens by commenting on the difficulty in observing the language planning process in China, particularly in the area of decision-making. A brief history of language planning is provided. Following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, a shift took place…

Recent research in sociolinguistics has demonstrated the need for looking at language in a dynamic framework, that is, for not imposing the traditional synchronic-diachronic dichotomy on linguistic studies. Support for the dynamic framework has been given from various oral languages. This paper attempts to test variation theory with historically…

This bibliography is divided into three main sections. The first section lists bibliographies relevant to bilingualism and multilingualism. The second section cites books and anthologies dealing with bilingualism and multilingualism, while the third section gives references for books dealing with bilingual education. Entries include both American…

This bibliography is divided into three main sections. The first section cites one bibliography relevant to discourse analysis. The second section cites books pertaining to discourse analysis, language structure, and transformational generative grammar. The third section refers to articles in the same areas. Entries include both American and…

This bibliography is divided into three sections. The first section lists bibliographies relevant to first-language acquisition. In the second section, books pertaining to first-language acquisition and to language in the classroom situation are cited, while the third section lists two periodicals in the same areas. Entries include both American…

This bibliography is divided into five sections. The first section cites bibliographies relevant to the study of word frequency, while the second section gives references to word lists. The third and fourth parts deal with general vocabulary studies and related articles, respectively. The fifth section concerns structural frequency counts, with…

This bibliography consists of three sections, the entries in each having to do with the British contribution in linguistics. The first section lists relevant books, with entries in all areas of linguistics, while the second section cites periodicals. The third section cites surveys done of British work. The surveys include material published…

Data derived from the spontaneous speech samples of 64 first grade Negro children (32 from an inner city ghetto and 32 from a racially integrated middle income suburb of the same city) were examined to determine whether the difference in socioeconomic circumstances affected (1) the use of nine structural patterns of English and confusion in the…

The author discusses (1) the nature of communication, (2) sociological aspects of the communication problem, and (3) solutions to the language problem that have been tried. He believes that "there is a solution easier and more successful than multilingualism, and less discriminatory than the unilateral imposition of one national language for…

The relativistic viewpoint of the sociolinguist emphasizes the fully systematic but different nature of nonstandard dialects. In this paper, the author takes issue with various views that currently enjoy popularity in a number of disciplines but which violate basic linguistic and sociolinguistic premises about the nature of language. These views…

The author maintains that there are two kinds of problems confronting West Indian children in English schools: first, there are the purely linguistic problems that arise from the fact that their native language is unlikely to be English of a kind readily understood by the teacher, the child being similarly unable to understand the teacher; second,…

Recent experimental work in teaching standard English to speakers of nonstandard dialects of English has shown that such speakers often have a good receptive command of the standard dialect, and readily re-encode stimuli presented in the standard dialect into their own nonstandard forms. This fact shows that some modification is needed in the…