This paper discusses the results of a study of the relationships between teacher behaviour and the level of play engagement in two- and three-year-old children in Dutch childcare centres. We found that the continuous proximity of the teacher had the greatest impact on the level of play engagement, while the teacher's walking around and only brief…

Achievement motivation research provides a basis for understanding the processes by which socialization into stereotypical feminine roles shapes the educational and vocational aspirations of adolescent women. Young women are socialized to be interested in pleasing others, motivated to achieve in traditionally feminine areas, and fearful of success…

PERSONALITY TRAITS OF TEACHERS AND PRINCIPALS ARE EXAMINED FOR THEIR EFFECTS UPON TEACHER-ADMINISTRATOR RELATIONSHIPS. THE EDWARDS PERSONAL PREFERENCE SCHEDULE, THE NATIONAL PRINCIPALSHIP STUDY, AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE PREFERENCE FORM WERE ADMINISTERED TO TEACHERS AND PRINCIPALS FROM AN URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICT IN MICHIGAN. RESULTS INDICATE THAT THE…

A discussion is presented on the psychological and physical nature and origin of stress, changes in life stages that individuals make in response to events, and situations in life that create pressure and tension. This discussion is followed by examples of how to deal with stress through awareness of: communication skills; coping techniques, both…

The developments in child psychiatry in the past 25 years have been encouraging but represent only a prelude to the significant work that must be done relatively soon to meet the needs of the contemporary child. Before 1940, the desirability of multidisciplinary study of the child had been well established, and child guidance clinics had appeared.…

A student's self-image is his most precious possession. Yet this image is constantly threatened in a language class (or anywhere else). Some threats come from the foreignness of the language, others from the power imbalance between student and teacher, others from the student's failure to live up to what he expects of himself. All of these threats…

This is the final report of a project initiated in September 1965 to: (1) determine and measure the environmental factors and the social-psychological characteristics of students which are related to the success or failure of occupational programs; and (2) to identify a variety of typical educational career patterns and to isolate teams of…

This investigation was designed to provide the data to be used in a preliminary evaluative description of New York City's expanded prekindergarten and kindergarten programs funded under Title I. Data were collected from 20 randomly selected kindergarten classes in ten schools and ten prekindergarten classes in six schools through the use of…

Problems inherent in the teaching of literature in Europe are articulated in this article. A review of Sartre's views, in an early essay, on the place of literature in society leads into a discussion of social structure, anthropology, and politics. The concept of literature as an art form, the problems of psychological identity and maturity, and…

A collection of original papers presents an interdisciplinary approach to the education of disadvantaged children. The volume, prepared especially for preservice and inservice teachers, is divided into three sections--poverty and its effects, the children of poverty, and educational implications. The first two parts deal with such areas as…

A modified iterative factor analytic method was applied to item responses of 346 male students in four community colleges in order to construct three experimental scales for the measure of motivation. A fourth scale, which appears to be a measure of goal-deficiency, was also developed. The four scales--tentatively identified as Intrinsic…

The question of what children need for optimal development is discussed. The "principle of optimum effects" is seen as fundamental: good for children is only good for them in the "right" of optimum proportions. Seven propositions about the needs of children are advanced: (1) The young child has to have a deep sense of safety;…

Under the guise of helping girls, many schools have adopted policies that penalize boys, often for simply being masculine. Arguing that boys need help catching up with girls academically, and need love, discipline, respect, and moral guidance, but do not need to be rescued from their masculinity, this book scrutinizes studies and feminist doctrine…

This meta-analysis on 33 studies, including more than 2,000 Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications, presents distributions of AAI classifications in samples of nonclinical fathers and mothers, in adolescents, in samples from different cultures, and in clinical groups. Fathers, adolescents, and participants from different countries show…

In many cases, in higher education today, teachers usually deal with two types of students. These are the pre-adults or those people call traditional students, and the adults, or those they call non-traditional students. For adult learners, making writing mistakes of any kind is a source of anxiety and confusion, and often contributes to their…