Compares the Scottish National Certificate modular approach and the German dual system of vocational training. Presents examples from each country of approaches that incorporate elements of the opposite model. (Contains 25 references.) (SK)

Reviews the policy context of work experience in Spain. Presents case studies of two innovative work-based learning experiences that illustrate the conditions necessary for successful learning. Supports the importance of integrating work experience into training. (Contains 58 references.) (SK)

Describes and discusses results of a survey of members of the American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) that was conducted to determine how employees learn informally when neither on-the-job or off-the-job training is provided. Implications for performance technologists are considered, and future issues for investigation are suggested.…

Presents Comprehensive Employment Preparation program, an intervention designed to help youth and young adults with developmental disabilities acquire skills necessary to prepare them for effective functioning as self-sustaining, working members of society. Delineates such community-based strategies as vocational enrichment programs; pursuing,…

Problems with vocational education and training in developing countries include insufficient resources and lack of workplace experience. The German dual vocational training system is being promoted as a potential solution. (SK)

From 1983-91, proportions of workers who received training to improve skills jumped from 35-41 percent, attributable largely to company programs. Those who trained to qualify for jobs increased from 55-57 percent. Numbers of African Americans and Hispanics who needed training to qualify were 10 percent below those of other groups. (SK)

Results of a survey of training in Australia indicate that a large majority of the Australian work force (79 percent) undertook some form of job-related training in 1989, mostly informal on-the-job training. Amount varied by type of company, gender, place of birth, and educational attainment. (JOW)

Focuses on the effects of Europe 1992 on the vocational training of workers, youth, and the unemployed within the European Community, with particular emphasis on the lessons the United States might learn. (Author)

Describes the provisions of the Re-employment Act of 1994 and looks at why it has not passed in Congress. Reasons include an objection to a temporary unemployment payroll tax becoming permanent and the lack of consolidation of current programs. (JOW)

Subsidized employment had substantial and long-lived effects on earnings and welfare benefits in a study of more than 9,000 welfare recipients 3 years after program entry. Although not always cost effective for taxpayers, subsidized employment had positive net benefits for participants and society. (SK)

Although the German dual system is frequently touted as a model, it has disadvantages. Much of the cost fall on trainees, it takes a long time to achieve adult status and pay, and young workers are given few responsibilities. It is not recommended for adaptation in Britain. (SK)

A telephone survey of nearly 2,000 small businesses in Britain showed employers had positive attitudes about training but 85% had not provided any for at least a year. Interviews with 200 cited market position, economic conditions, and lack of training availability as causes. They felt national training policies lacked focus, coherence, and…

Employers pay higher starting wages to workers requiring less training, but do not give lower starting wages to workers requiring more training. Employers appear to pay most of the cost of and reap most of the returns to training. (SK)

ISO 9000 certification has the advantages of a measurable framework for quality efforts, continuous improvement, and better customer service. Drawbacks for education and training providers include volume of paperwork, ongoing cost, risk of a growing bureaucracy, and the difficulty of making changes quickly. (SK)

Measures the impact of pre-job training programs on subsequent earnings of trainees, particularly engineers employed by high-tech firms in Taiwan. Concludes that public training programs have no impact on earnings but participation in private training programs does have a significantly positive effect on earnings, and compares results with…