The author shares his own experiences in the design of culturally appropriate human resources development programs in Asia. He discusses the differences in cognitive models of causation: Japanese cognition and western cognition. (CT)

Describes a contradiction in the language used to discuss the counseling relationship: specifically the caring, collegial imagery used to describe the ideal relationship versus the rhetoric used to characterize counselor expectations of and experiences with client behavior. Notes some consequences of this contradiction. (Author/RC)

Discusses the applications of Russell G. Stauffer's work to the teaching of reading. (JL)

No main effects of special class placement were observed in 43 gifted students (grades six through eight) compared to 38 gifted students in regular classes in terms of cognitive processes, quality of school life, intellectual achievement, self concept, and activity. (CL)

Research concerning the proposed interrelation between physical activity and academic achievement is reviewed. Findings from these studies suggest that physical fitness enhances academic skills. (CJ)

Three experiments compared reasoning from new information in young and older adults. The findings suggest at least two sources for age-related differences in reasoning from new information: poorer fact memory and reduced capacity in working memory. (Author/PN)

Experts' perceptions of mathematical problem structures were compared with students' perceptions before and after a course on mathematical problem solving. After the course the students perceived problem relatedness more like the experts, indicating that criteria for problem perception shift as a person's knowledge bases become more richly…

Two visual search experiments suggest that: cerebral lateralization of cognitive functions results from differences in sensorimotor resolution capacities of the hemispheres; both hemispheres can process verbal and visuospatial information analytically and holistically; and respective hemispheric competence is a function of the level of…

A technique is introduced to study the flow of information through processing stages in choice reaction time tasks. It was designed to determine whether response preparation can begin before stimulus identification is complete ("continuous" models) or if a stimulus must be fully identified prior to any response activation…

Argues that children develop knowledge in layers, increasing those layers each time the topic is covered. Reviews three sets of materials that provide a background of experience, vocabulary, and text structure for use in science instruction. (FL)

Much effort has been invested in time-on-task research. Time-on-task is described as a proxy term for the notion of "attention," and the findings of time-on-task research are described as less relevant to the classroom teacher than information contained in methods texts. (JN)

A study was done to determine the relationship between the cognitive profiles of children and the cognitive profiles of their mothers. Results indicate that the child's cognitive behavior at age six and under is similar to the mother's. However, as the child attends school and maternal influence lessens, the child's cognitive profile begins to…

The predictive power of various cognitive skills at three months of age in terms of later cognitive functioning was examined. Visual habituation and recovery predicted later intellectual functioning at 24 months better than global intelligence or object permanence scores. Changes in cognitive functioning may be a transformation of skills.…

Concludes that adult disabled readers perceive reading as a decoding process rather than as a meaning constructing or comprehension task. (HOD)

Study results give strong support to the existence of successive and simultaneous processing dimensions in 77 normal school-age children in grades K-6 and can be interpreted as an independent cross-validation of the model proposed by Das and his colleagues. (Author/CM)