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Pinker, Steven; Birdsong, David – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1979
Two studies elicited native speaker and nonnative speaker judgments regarding preferred word order of the idioms known as "freezes." The results support the notion that rules of frozen word order are psychologically real and reflect universal language rules. (Author/AM)
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, French, Grammar, Idioms

Vainikka, Anne; Young-Scholten, Martha – Second Language Research, 1996
Reviews data on the acquisition of German without formal instruction by native speakers of Korean, Turkish, Italian, and German, on the acquisition of French by English speakers, and of the acquisition of English by speakers of various first languages (L1). Evidence indicates that the sole projections that the learner transfers from the L1 are…
Descriptors: Adults, Case Studies, Child Language, English (Second Language)

Ying, H. G. – Language Learning, 1996
Investigates adult second language learners' processing of English syntactically ambiguous sentences in which a prepositional phrase is interpreted as either a noun phrase or verb phrase attachment. Results reveal lexical, syntactic, prosodic, and contextual constraints on processing ambiguous sentences. (87 references) (Author/CK)
Descriptors: Adult Students, Ambiguity, Context Clues, English (Second Language)

Felser, Claudia; Gross, Rebecca; Roberts, Leah; Marinis, Theodore – Applied Psycholinguistics, 2003
Investigates the way adult second language (L2) learners of English resolve relative clause attachment ambiguities. Advanced learners of English who were Greek or German native speakers participated in a set of off-line and on-line tasks. Results indicate L2 learners do not process ambiguous sentences of this type in the same way adult native…
Descriptors: Adults, Advanced Students, Ambiguity, English (Second Language)

Kemper, Susan; And Others – Applied Psycholinguistics, 1989
Comparison of oral and written language samples collected from young and elderly adults revealed an age-related decrease in language complexity. Better-educated subjects had higher vocabulary test scores and produced longer utterances. Subjects with greater memory capacity produced more complex utterances and used more right- and left-branching…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Discourse Analysis, Educational Attainment, Language Styles

Youssef, Valerie – Journal of Child Language, 1990
Assesses verb phrase development in three Trinidadian children in which Standard English and Trinidad Creole coexist. Adverbials were found to be crucial in delineating specific areas of semantic intent. (20 references) (GLR)
Descriptors: Child Language, Creoles, English (Second Language), Language Acquisition

Terry, Robert M. – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1989
In a French study based on Spanish research, the communicative effectiveness and grammatical accuracy of foreign language students in generating appropriate classroom questions was investigated. Despite language differences, similarities were found in communication errors, especially incorrect interrogative words and structures, verb tenses and…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Error Patterns, French, Inquiry

Malone, Martin J. – Research on Language and Social Interaction, 1995
Attempts to demonstrate how recipient design can structure an interaction. Choices of words and phrases, intonation, and the larger structure of the discourse itself are all made with a greater or lesser awareness of others' reactions. Evidence of how recipient design is at the service of altercasting is found in shared knowledge, agreement, and…
Descriptors: Affective Behavior, Attitude Measures, Body Language, Cognitive Processes

Nishimura, Miwa – Language Sciences, 1995
Demonstrates that the patterns of Japanese/English code-switching found in Canadian Niseis' in-group speech are conditioned by the varieties of bilingual speech characterized in terms of base language. When Japanese is the base, English nouns are used; when English is the base, Japanese phrases and sentences occur sporadically. (38 references)…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Canada Natives, Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language)

Schachter, Jacquelyn; Yip, Virginia – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 1990
Responses of native and nonnative English speaking undergraduates regarding the grammaticality of sentences with varying object and subject structures demonstrated that native speakers exhibited a processing preference, as did nonnatives whose native language grammar did not bias them toward another certain structure. (19 references) (Author/CB)
Descriptors: Chinese, College Students, English (Second Language), Grammatical Acceptability

Santorini, Beatrice – Language Variation and Change, 1993
Examines the rate of phrase structure change in Yiddish, using quantitative methods to estimate the rate of change of structurally ambiguous verb clauses. Four subcases of phrase structure change are distinguished, three of which provide strong evidence for the Constant Rate Hypothesis of linguistic change. (MDM)
Descriptors: Diachronic Linguistics, Language Classification, Language Research, Language Variation

Pappas, Athina; Gelman, Susan A. – Journal of Child Language, 1998
This study investigated the use of generic noun phrases by preschool children and their mothers. Results indicate striking differences in the way generics and non-generics are distributed in the speech of both groups, suggesting generic noun phrases differ in their semantics and conceptual organization from non-generics and may reflect children's…
Descriptors: Child Language, Grammar, Interpersonal Communication, Language Acquisition

Goodluck, Helen; Terzi, Arhonto; Diaz, Gema Chocano – Journal of Child Language, 2001
Examined how rules for interpreting empty category (EC) subjects of complement clauses vary crosslinguistically across structural and lexical dimensions. Twenty-three Greek-speaking 4- and 5-year-olds and 10 adults, 29 Spanish-speaking 4- and 5-year-olds, 18 6- and 7-year-olds, and 8 adults took part in act-out experiments. Results indicate an…
Descriptors: Child Language, Contrastive Linguistics, Greek, Language Acquisition
Chan, Alice Y. W. – Language, Culture and Curriculum, 2004
This paper gives a contrastive analysis of noun phrases in English and Chinese. The syntactic features of the structures, the devices used to mark distinctions in number, case and gender, as well as the similarities and differences between English and Chinese relative clauses are discussed. Partly due to the documented differences between these…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Nouns, English (Second Language), Chinese

Powers, Susan M. – 1995
An analysis of language acquisition in English and Dutch focuses on a theory of phrase structure. It is argued that the previously posited phrase structure operations of projection and adjunction can be dispensed with in favor of the single operation of "merge." One version of merge is shown to account for a range of data from child English and…
Descriptors: Child Language, Cognitive Mapping, Dutch, English