Reports on age differences in work commitment and work values among 4,567 American and 3,735 Japanese manufacturing employees. Indicates greater work commitment among older Japanese men, American men, and American women, compared to younger counterparts, and less emphasis on the importance of good pay among older Japanese men. Contains 49…

Used Rehabilitation Services Administration data on 18,394 blind and visually impaired persons rehabilitated in 1982 to estimate effects of socioeconomic and vocational rehabilitation program variables on probability that client will be in competitive labor market, self-employed, in sheltered work, or established as homemaker. Results indicated…

Used data from National Survey of Black Americans to study how Black adult males assess their performance as family providers. Multivariate analysis of responses from 771 Black males showed age and personal income significantly related to assessment: as Black men aged and as their incomes increased, they were more likely to perceive themselves as…

Two experiments comparing 114 good and poor readers in second and fourth grades as well as 26 college students found poor readers did not interpret spoken sentences as accurately as good readers and that their performance was like that of younger children suggesting a developmental lag in phonological processing skills. (Author/DB)

College students (N=780) read 1 of 12 scenarios of person who decided to commit suicide. Scenarios varied by age of victim (45 versus 70), gender, and illness (chronic depression, chronic physical pain, terminal bone cancer). Suicide evaluations tended to be significantly more favorable when evaluators were male, victims were male, victims were…

College students (N=41) in 1983 completed Nuclear War Attitude Survey (NWAS II) and completed it again in 1986 or 1987. Compared to earlier responses, recent responses to NWAS II showed statistically significant decreases in frequency with which subjects reported thinking about possibility of nuclear war, estimation of likelihood of nuclear war,…

A survey of gifted school-aged children in the United States, Canada, and the Republic of South Africa revealed that this group is capable of envisioning the future realistically and optimistically, and that they are beginning to think more globally than nationally. Some responses are presented. (MSE)

Describes cognitive style in terms of field dependence-independence, and five tests of cognitive style for young children. Discusses the relationship between cognitive style and academic achievement in young children. (RJC)

When three-, four-, and five-year-old children learned about the contents of a drawer in three different ways and were asked, immediately and after a brief delay, how they knew about the contents of the drawer, three-year-olds had difficulty identifying the sources of their knowledge, while five-year-olds did not. Delay increased difficulty for…

Revised sexual behaviors and relationship stages in Reiss Premarital Sexual Permissiveness Scale. Used experimental randomization to examine how standards vary for different targets. Findings from 237 undergraduates revealed that age, but not gender, of hypothetical person in scale affected responses. Standards were less permissive for adolescents…

Review of research on the academic performance and intellectual ability of adult college students provides evidence to reject two common stereotypes of adult students: (1) that they lack basic skills for effective studying, and (2) that they are impaired in studying by intellectual deficits associated with the normal process of aging. (MSE)

Examined whether children were likely to associate animate-type or inanimate-type of movement with living objects and whether this judgment varies with age. Children and adults participated in the study. Findings suggest that both knowledge about different life properties and overattribution are characteristic of the preschool period. (BAC)

In 2 experiments, 13-year olds and college students were asked to make risky decisions in a game format. Results showed that the age groups differed in strategies, confidence, and types of options chosen, especially when the game became more complex. (Author/SW)

Four- and seven-year olds were asked to make and explain predictions about their abilities to solve perceptual problems, perform the tasks, and explain their success or failure. Results indicated that young children have some clear-cut knowledge, and misconceptions, about their senses. Between four and seven years, children become increasingly…

Four experiments investigated under which conditions and at which age level children in grades four through six would become aware of the conflict between practical and theoretical considerations in mathematics. Students in grades four and five did not indicate an awareness of this conflict, while about half the sixth graders did, indicating a…