Data were collected on 731 patients (age birth to 18) at a children's hospital otolaryngology clinic. Most frequent laryngeal pathologies were subglottic stenosis, vocal nodules, laryngomalacia, and vocal fold paralysis. Laryngeal pathologies were more common to males than females, were most common in the youngest patients, and were distributed…

Sociolinguistic analysis of English borrowings in Japanese television and print advertising supported hypotheses that the primary reason for loanword use was to make the product seem more modern and sophisticated and that there was a relationship between loan functions and such audience characteristics as gender, age, occupation, and background.…

Suggests that the content and presentation formats of "Sesame Street" are well suited to preschoolers' vocabulary development, independently of parent education, family size, child gender, and parental attitudes. Findings also suggest the feasibility of tutorial uses of the video medium. (RH)

Examines developmental and individual differences in the effects of gender schematization on young children's memories for gender-typed information, and investigates the interactive effects of children's age, gender schematization, and verbal labeling of information on preschoolers' memories for gender typed information. (JS)

College students (N=375) listened to taped segments of a counseling interview concerning a spouse's drinking problem with tapes varying client's age, gender, and cognitive behaviors. Found no main or interaction effects of age on subjects' ratings of client behaviors; female clients were perceived as having better memory and greater alertness than…

Examined characteristics and experiences of discouraged older unemployed workers (N=73) aged 50+ who had stopped searching for a full-time job. Found older worker more at risk for economic and psychological difficulties. Findings suggest need for targeted employment and supportive services for this group. (Author/CM)

When assessed for speech/language development, 31 children (age 1-12) fitted with endotracheal tubes for more than 3 months beginning by age 13 months showed overall language functioning within normal limits and commensurate with cognitive ability. However, a pattern of expressive language disability was noted in the oldest group. (Author/JDD)

Analyzed longitudinal data from 126 employees 1 month prior to being permanently displaced. Behavioral choice model significantly predicted behavioral intention to look for job, effort in looking, and actual behavior/role choice 18 months later. Expectancy for obtaining job was inversely related with age, positively related with education,…

The study with 100 families found that parents of highly creative adolescents tended to be very interested in their children's behavior but seldom proscribed rules to govern it. Other results suggested the critical importance of environment, the existence of critical periods, and the importance of humor. (DB)

Research on social markedness and second language pronunciation is reviewed, and some general conclusions are drawn. A number of issues arising from this research are identified and inherent difficulties in forming hypotheses, performing analyses, and interpreting data are discussed. (30 references) (Author/MSE)

A projective picture instrument was used to determine ethnic stereotypes of 90 children of 4-5 years. Findings indicate that although 4-year-olds were ambivalent about their ethnic preferences, by age 5 children had developed clear ethnic preferences. (RJC)

Reports results of a study of writing skills of students, grades four through six. Reports school district size, sex, and grade level significantly affect writing skills, with girls writing better than boys and older students writing better than younger students, but effect of district size was inconsistent across grade levels. (DHP)

Developed structure of depression for 100 young adolescent, 278 older adolescent, and 276 adult mothers at risk for depression because of their unmarried status and low income. Identified three different factorial structures with the youngest mothers having the most complex structure and the highest level of depression. (Author/ABL)

The study compared the effectiveness of using the Sonicguide, a device using echoes to aid orientation and mobility, with five blind children aged 5-48 months. Results found that children at all age levels were able to use the guide. These results conflict with previous results suggesting a critical age for device usefulness. (DB)

Among 2,926 students from 10 California community colleges, younger students had slightly greater needs than did older students in 7 career areas: knowledge of interests; deciding goals; greater certainty; exploring careers related to interests and abilities; selecting relevant courses; developing job-search skills, and obtaining a job. Men and…