The life tables in this report are current life tables for the United States based on age-specific death rates in 1997. Beginning with the 1997 tables, U.S. life tables have been constructed with a new methodology that is similar to that used in the decennial life tables. Life expectancy and other tables are shown for the first time for ages 85 to…

This study examined the extent to which food insecurity questions and the standard poverty measure were correlated with various dietary and physiologic outcomes. It used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, which between 1994-98 collected dietary recall information, surveyed respondents, and analyzed blood samples.…

Motivation orientation research consistently finds two factors, Performance and Learning, that overlap substantially with other factors coming from different theoretical perspectives of motivation. Similar to related work in the Big-Five Theory of Personality, researchers posited a Big-Two-Factor Theory of motivation orientation and evaluated the…

A study of the development of elementary school children's appreciation of riddles was conducted within the framework of the incongruity and resolution theory of humor. (ST)

Four age groups of boys were given three opportunities to display altruistic behavior. Sharing and helping increased with age. Volunteering to work showed no relationship to age. (ST)

False recognition errors in elementary school children were studied using word association tasks. Data obtained validated the developmental changes in the dominant dimensions of associative organization. (ST)

Preschool and kindergarten nonconservers (N=114) were examined for their use of dimensions relevant to quantity in two conservation-of-substance tasks. The results were interpreted as being counter to Piaget's 4-step equilibration model of the development of compensation and conservation. (ST)

Anxiety ratings were analyzed for 858 Israeli children. Lower socioeconomic level children were rated significantly more anxious than higher socioeconomic level children, and girls were higher than boys on both anxiety and lie scales. Results were discussed in terms of child rearing patterns, teacher expectations, and characteristics of the…

Investigated developmental changes in children's judgments of age of people in photographs with emphasis on judgments correlating age and physical size. Results were discussed in terms of previous age perception studies and Piagetian Theory. (DP)

Explored children's conceptions of death from a Piagetian framework. Significant changes in the direction of more realistic attitudes by children were noted as levels of cognitive development advanced. (DP)

The present investigation, conducted within the framework of equity theory, was designed to determine the principles that preschool children use when they are given the opportunity to distribute rewards. (Authors)

The conflicting direction of anxiety changes in students new to their particular school building makes it difficult to attribute the change to something inherent within a school system's organization of grades. (Authors)