This essay reviews "Introduction to the Foundations of American Education" (Johnson et al., 1985), "An Introduction to the Foundations of Education" (Ornstein and Levine, 1985), "American Education: An Introduction to Social and Political Aspects" (Spring, 1985), and "Social Foundations of Education" (Van Scotter et al., 1985). (JDH)

Examines one element of rhetorical history--the sorts of subjects teachers have assigned students and their change from objective, centripetal writing tasks to subjective, centrifugal tasks. Documents the historical evolution of rhetorical tradition. (AEW)

Discusses Mechanics' Institutes and British working-class intellectual life during the nineteenth century (a time period later than generally studied) as a contributor to the spread of evolutionary socialism. Many people preferred non-vocational subjects such as geology and physiology; they were concerned with natural history and new evolutionary…

Historical background, methodological aspects, and results of educational planning are discussed. (RM)

This historical review describes the basic curriculum of the 1890s, the shift to occupational analysis and the cross section approach in the 1920s, a combination of traditional and cross sectional approaches by the 1940s, the effect of the Vocational Education Act of 1963, and the impact of the Perkins Act and the educational reform movements of…

The development of core French programs is traced for each Canadian province and territory, and the extent of current offerings and program support is described, with special attention given to some programs. National program coordination to avoid duplication and effect improvements is advocated. (MSE)

Reviews past research in the area of early childhood education, points out current realities, and suggests future possibilities for investigation. Discussion of these possibilities centers on finding research support, gaining access to programs and securing the confidence of teachers and parents. (HOD)

The author states that this is the time for the reform of teacher education. It is not a time to abandon teacher education by providing certification to nontrained teachers. It really is a time for the nation and each state to pay for quality teacher education. (CT)

The expansion of schooling in the Russian countryside after 1864 brought basic education within the reach of the majority of peasants in the European heartland by the time of World War I. It is argued that this expansion was initiated by the purposeful self-activity of the anonymous peasant millions. (RM)

Discusses the nature of political education in European schools, noting the influences of history, concepts of participatory learning, and the presence of pluralistic educational systems featuring both secular and religious schools. Countries discussed are Belgium, Italy, Greece, Germany, Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, and France. (PGD)

A study using historical statistics as a strategy for joining the study of the past and present condition of colleges and universities has as subjects Amherst College, Harvard University, Transylvania University, the University of Kentucky, and the College of William and Mary. (MSE)

By describing the working of the UTA (University of the Third Age) system in Paris and Cambridge, the author examines the differences that have arisen in the transfer of the concept from France to Britain. (Author)

Ideas for maintaining and advancing the K-12 music program during these times of tight money are described. (RM)

To determine whether interest in the personalized system of instruction (PSI) in the behavioral sciences has waned since 1968, conference papers and poster presentations dealing with PSI were surveyed. The number of papers and posters devoted to PSI peaked in the years 1972-1979 and has since clearly declined. (RM)

The rise of faculty unions is analyzed as an outgrowth of quantitative changes in enrollment, curriculum, and administration in American higher education. The impact of unions on higher education is examined relative to member benefits, changes in governance, and implications for the educational process. (MSE)