The transformation that language undergoes when it becomes speech is examined in English. Statistical analysis of a representative sample of natural, informal speech reveals a number of characteristics of dynamic speech that distinguish it from static (citation form or pre-dynamic) linguistic form. It appears that in running speech, vowels and…

Discusses the estrangement between etymology and modern linguistics, and concludes that a reconciliation between spatio-temporal linguistics and etymology must occur, because without it, both disciplines are doomed to inanition. (Author/AM)

This article describes the co-existence in Dano-Norwegian of two different systems of grammatical gender, one belonging to Dano-Norwegian, and the other to Norwegian. The conflict is described as social, cultural and political in nature as well as linguistic. (Text is in French.) (AM)

THIS SKETCH COMPRISES THE FINAL OR MORPHOPHONEMIC STAGE OF A TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR OF SPOKEN STANDARD FINNISH. THE PRINCIPLE CHAPTERS DEAL WITH STEM FORMATION, SUFFIX-ALLOMORPH SELECTION, MORPHOPHONEME SEQUENCE RULES, AND PHONETIC RULES. FOLLOWING THIS ANALYSIS ARE THE TERMINAL (PHONETIC) SYMBOLS, INDEXES OF SYMBOLS AND SUFFIXES, A GLOSSARY, A…

Bini, a language spoken by a million horticulturists in and around Benin City, Nigeria, belongs genealogically to the Edo branch of the Kwa family of the Niger-Congo phylum. Bini dialects differ in their tonemic inventory, which ranges from four to six tonemes per dialect. But all dialects exhibit two morphotonemes--high and low--which perhaps…

This study is a description of the Kurdish of the city of Sulaimaniya, Iraq. Kurdish dialects cover an area embracing parts of eastern Turkey, Soviet Armenia, northern Syria, western Iran, and Khorasan in Iran. The language is described in terms of (1) phonology, (2) morphology, (3) morphophonemics, (4) word formation, and (5) syntax. An appendix,…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of good and poor readers in grade five to recognize the form of derived words where morphophonemic alternation occurs but orthographic consistency exists. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of reading ability, word reality (real and pseudo), and mode of…

Special issue on orthography. (DD)

Discusses the necessity of teaching not only standard'' French in the classroom, but also those functional varieties of the language which make it an instrument of communication. (D)

Expanded version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, December 1970, in Washington, D.C. Work supported by a Grace W. Drake Scholarship, a University of California graduate scholarship, and a National Science Foundation grant to the Phonology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. (VM)

Suggests that a new perspective is needed on the "great debate" in literacy instruction between whole language and phonics. Proposes an approach that integrates comprehension and decoding into a system designed around the principles of student-centered, authentic instruction in a socially engaging context. Considers the advantages of…

Three hundred Beijing students in kindergarten through second grade were given the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts Revised (BTBC-R) to determine whether lexical diversity and morphological complexity affect the rate of acquisition of languages and whether conceptual factors interact with linguistic differences in development of relational concepts.…

Central Siberian Yupik Eskimo is the language both of the natives of St. Lawrence Island and of the facing Siberian mainland, with few minor variations. A history of the language is given as it evolved in both countries, as well as a phonological analysis and orthographic developments on both sides. (SCC)

This article discusses Athapascan verb morphology. It is shown that a word-internal boundary before the direct object position in a verb prefix complex plays a significant role in the phonology of two geographically distant languages, Navajo and Tanaina. (CLK)