Program portrayal is one way of addressing the need for increased descriptive capability in evaluation research. Portrayal supplements traditional reporting by utilizing subjective, anecdotal, or impressionistic information, in an appropriately communicable form, to enrich the description of program transactions, settings, and outcomes. It is…

Standard, common electric typewriters are not completely suited to the needs of a high-level quadriplegic typing with a mouthstick. Experiences show that for complete control of a typewriter a mouthstick user needs the combined features of one-button correction, electric forward and reverse indexing, and easy character viewing. To modify a…

EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE ARE CLOSELY LINKED, BUT CHANGES IN EDUCATION ARE USUALLY SLOW. RECENT CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS HAVE CONSIDERED STRATEGIES FOR PLANNED CHANGE TO MEET CURRENT SOCIETAL NEEDS. A MAJOR AREA STUDIED IS PUPIL PERSONNEL SERVICES. THE FOCUS OF THE INTERPROFESSIONAL RESEARCH COMMISSION ON PUPIL PERSONNEL SERVICES (IRCOPPS)…

A RESEARCH REPORT WITH GENERAL APPEAL TO CLASSROOM TEACHERS SERVED AS THE BASIS FOR AN ATTITUDE EVALUATION SURVEY COMPARING THE COMPREHENSION OF RESEARCH BY TEACHERS AND BY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCHERS. MAJOR GOALS OF THE STUDY WERE TO DETERMINE AREAS OF RESEARCH PROCEDURES AND TERMINOLOGY WHERE TEACHERS MOST NEED ASSISTANCE AND TO DEVELOP PROCEDURES…

Perceptions of evaluation held by principals, superintendents, and school board members were investigated. The study's instrument, a brief survey, was sent to a nationwide random sample of administrators. Dependent variables focused on the following general areas of concern: the users' perceptions of evaluation, including how useful they find its…

Modern reading theories that are concerned with the reading process of either mature or immature readers show no clearcut concern with unit size. The various graphic units that are encountered by the reader include letters, graphemes, clusters (such as blends), syllables, phonograms, affixes and roots, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs,…

This paper describes a research and development center's project to design procedures for helping students both to develop and to apply effective behaviors for understanding text. The project's developmental efforts are summarized and promising directions for future work are examined. Specifically, the paper (1) clarifies the goals of the project,…

There is little justification for research activities unless some plan is formulated to utilize their results. Consequently, a conference comprising representatives of rehabilitation agencies in the Southeast was held during June, 1968 to review ways and means of disseminating, retrieving, and utilizing research and demonstration results. The…

An interdisciplinary research team investigated the field of educational research/development and innovation (R/D&I) in order to (1) develop an understanding of the nature, structure, and functioning of R&D as they interact with their environments; (2) develop an understanding of educational R&D and of the educational context in which…

The author presents a survey of public opinion against continued innovation in the field of education, drawn from editorials and reportage in "Newsweek,""The New York Times,""The Tampa Tribune-Times," and "U.S. News and World Report." Contrast is made to continued calls by educators in professional books and journals for continued innovation in…

The gap between researchers or theorists and practitioners in the field of educational psychology can be bridged through the formation of a middle group of professionals concerned with knowledge utilization. The paper justifies this new direction by discussing the lack of communication and even frequent antagonism between these two major fields.…

It is relatively easy to gather data but to disseminate and ensure utilization of that data in a way which will induce meaningful change is not so easy. In exploring the reasons for the apparent resistance to social change, a series of three dissemination activities were organized for school personnel using materials developed on the work…

To upgrade research and research utilization competence of vocational educators, The Center for Vocational and Technical Education and The American Vocational Association planned four 1-week research training programs on: (1) Planning Vocational/Technical Education Programs Based on Manpower Research, (2) Patterns of Career Development as Applied…

Discussed are the difficulties of implementing research findings in elementary schools; i.e. effecting a change at the level of interaction between teacher and pupil. An inherent difficulty is communicating research findings to the people in the local school systems who must act on them. The author states that even if this is remedied the…

As illustrated by survey studies of four large school systems, studies of school systems may be sponsored (1) by outside groups interested in the schools, (2) by boards of education, or (3) jointly by agencies both within and outside the school system. A study of the Cincinnati school system was sponsored by a citizens' group. Studies in Columbus,…