The effects of rewards on executive function (EF) reflect bidirectional interactions among motivational and executive systems that vary with age and temperament. However, methodological limitations hinder understanding of the precise influences of incentives on early EF, including the role of reward sensitivity. In this within-subjects study,…

In the development of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) there was a purposeful effort to not only include but prioritize science and engineering practices as part of the standards. Including the science and engineering practices in science curriculum and instruction is thought to help students understand how scientific knowledge…

The picture-word interference paradigm (participants name target pictures while ignoring distractor words) is often used to model the planning processes involved in word production. The participants' naming times are delayed in the presence of a distractor (general interference). The size of this effect depends on the relationship between the…

The aim of this study is to examine if differentiated instruction benefits the mathematical thinking process of gifted and talented students in Malaysia. Differentiated instruction is a student-centered technique in which instructors act as facilitators. It is doubtful, however, if differentiated instruction has a beneficial effect on the overall…

The purpose of this study is to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Online Course Overload Indicator (OCOI) and the Student Mental Fatigue Survey (SMFS). The OCOI was designed to measure students' perceptions of cognitive overload in online courses. The SMFS was used to assess students' perceptions of mental fatigue while taking…

The present study investigates the relationship between working memory capacity, cognitive regulation, and academic achievement for university students. Additionally, it examines whether working memory capacity and/or cognitive regulation can predict academic achievement. For the 139 university students who took part in the study, working memory…

Student engagement is a central concept for educational practitioners, researchers, and evaluators, especially working with learners historically minoritised in science developing their self-efficacy. Design-oriented projects in invention education show potential for promoting equitable engagement, partly by building upon learners' sociocultural…

Critical thinking is an important skill type. It has become a growing focus of attention. Based on the growing interest in critical thinking skills, this research examines the relationship of critical thinking with cognitive competence. Data on sub-questions were collected taking into account the main purpose of the research. This study, which is…

Design is a quality of the material world and refers to the production of objects and the processes used to make them. In the physical world, design refers to form and function. In the digital world, the construct of design embodies meaning making. Immersed in a digital world, the ability of individuals to fully participate in contemporary society…

This article aims to propose a digital version of Darwazeh's learning taxonomy. The DLT consists of 10 cognitive processes sequenced hierarchical from simple to complex either vertically from one mental process to another, or horizontally in each mental process. These cognitive processes are facts' remembrance, generalities' remembrance,…

This study examined the spontaneous teacher-student interactions that occurred in three graduate student instructors' [GSIs] precalculus classrooms. We classified these interactions relative to these instructors' actions to make sense of and use student thinking to inform their in-the-moment interactions with students. Our characterizations of…

Purpose: Children with typical development vary in how much experience they need to learn words. This could be due to differences in the amount of information encoded during periods of input, consolidated between periods of input, or both. Our primary purpose is to identify whether encoding, consolidation, or both, drive individual differences in…

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected teaching and learning globally. An increase in distance learning through online digital platforms and electronic devices has created a drastic change in education. The implication of online learning continuing post pandemic is prominent. An exploratory study of the educational experience of online learning…

Objectives: This study examined a new cognitive model of willingness to take environmental action. We posited that one's willingness to act is a feedback loop that starts with their values which lead to attitudes and then to one's beliefs, which are then mediated by negative and learner emotions. Method: Data were collected using the Survey of…

Purpose: Armed with the theory of embodied cognition proposing tight interactions between perception, motor, and cognition, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that speech rate-altered Mandarin lexical tone perception in quiet and noisy environments could be affected by the bodily dynamic cross-modal information. Method: Fifty-three adult…